VOCAB:: chapter 1 - evolution, the themes of biology and scientific inquiry

emergent properties

form from interactions from lower levels; ex.——

systems biology

scientists try to model dynamics of biological systems by studying interaction of system parts

ex. ——

prokaryotic cells

cells w/membrane-enclosed organelles

eukaryotic cells

cells w/o membrane-enclosed organelles nor DNA containing nucleus

genes

DNA sequences

gene expression

information in gene directs manufacturing of cellular prdcts : whole process in other deck

genomics

large-scale analysis of DNA sequences of a species + comparsion of genomes btwn species

proteomics

study of sets of proteins and their properties

genome

complete set of DNA in an organism

bioinformatics

usage of computational tools to process huge volumes of sequence data

feedback regulation

process regulated by output

negative feedback

accumulation of output slows in its production

positive feedback

output speeds up its own production

evolutionary adaptation

match of organisms to environments

natural selection

reason for populations to adapt & change for environment

scientific inquiry

scientists make and record observations (collect data) to draw a general conclusion and make a testable hypothesis

inductive reasoning

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deductive reasoning

usage of predictions to test hypotheses

controlled experiments

experiments designed to demonstrate effect of ONE variable by testing control experiments that differ by one variable

scientific theory

broad in scope—generates new hypotheses + supported by lots of evidence

technology

any method / device which applies science for a specific purpose that affects society