emergent properties
form from interactions from lower levels; ex.——
systems biology
scientists try to model dynamics of biological systems by studying interaction of system parts
ex. ——
prokaryotic cells
cells w/membrane-enclosed organelles
eukaryotic cells
cells w/o membrane-enclosed organelles nor DNA containing nucleus
genes
DNA sequences
gene expression
information in gene directs manufacturing of cellular prdcts : whole process in other deck
genomics
large-scale analysis of DNA sequences of a species + comparsion of genomes btwn species
proteomics
study of sets of proteins and their properties
genome
complete set of DNA in an organism
bioinformatics
usage of computational tools to process huge volumes of sequence data
feedback regulation
process regulated by output
negative feedback
accumulation of output slows in its production
positive feedback
output speeds up its own production
evolutionary adaptation
match of organisms to environments
natural selection
reason for populations to adapt & change for environment
scientific inquiry
scientists make and record observations (collect data) to draw a general conclusion and make a testable hypothesis
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
usage of predictions to test hypotheses
controlled experiments
experiments designed to demonstrate effect of ONE variable by testing control experiments that differ by one variable
scientific theory
broad in scope—generates new hypotheses + supported by lots of evidence
technology
any method / device which applies science for a specific purpose that affects society