Bipolar Disorders

Rapid Cycling

When 4 mood episodes or more occur within 12 months

Mania

elevated, expansive, or irritable mood characterized by increased goal-directed activity or energy. This occurs for at least one week.

Symptoms of mania

inflated self-esteem

decreased need for sleep

more talkative

flight of ideas

distractibility

increase in goal-directed activity

excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences

Bipolar I Disorder

Experiences episodes of mania and major depression

Bipolar II Disorder

experiences episodes of hypomania and major depression

cyclothymic disorder

experiences episodes of mild hypomania and mild depression

Etiology and risk factors

biological nature

increased norepinephrine and dopamine during mania

decreased serotonin during mania and depression

Diathesis-stress model

intense positive/negative events can trigger mania/depression

Biological treatments

lithium

anticonvulsants

antipsychotics

electroconvulsive therapy

Psychological treatments

CBT for depression

Interpersonal and social rhythm

Therapy

Sociological Treatments

Family Therapy