module 7—cardiovascular system
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/494
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
495 Terms
Systemic circulation delivers…
blood to all body cells and carries away waste
Pulmonary circulation definition
eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood
The pulmonary circulation is also known as…
lung pathway
Circulation of blood
photo
Heart size dimensions
14 cm x 9 cm
the size of a fist
The distal end of the heart is called the…
apex
List the coronary arteries
left main coronary artery
right coronary artery
circumflex coronary artery
left anterior descending coronary artery
Label the figure
Fibrous pericardium encloses the…
heart like a bag
How many layers is the fibrous pericardium
2 layers
Name the two layers of the pericardium
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
The visceral pericardium is the _____ layer
inner
The parietal pericardium is the ______ layer
outer
The pericardial cavity contains…
fluid which reduces friction
pericardium
pericardium
What are the three layers of the heart?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
Epicardium definition/characteristics
outer layer
reduces friction
Myocardium definition/characteristics
middle layer
mostly cardiac muscle
Endocardium definition/characteristics
thin inner lining
within chambers of the heart
Wall of the heart
photo
Your heart is a…
DOUBLE pump
The heart being a double pump means what?
loop circulation
What are the two circulations that the heart performs?
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation is when…
blood travels to the lungs and then back
Systemic circulation is when…
blood travels to the body and then back to the heart
Blood flow in the heart
photo
How many chambers does the heart have?
four chambers
How many atria does the heart have?
two atria
How many ventricles does the heart have?
two ventricles
Atria definition
thin upper chambers that receive blood returning to the heart through veins
Ventricles definition
thick, muscular lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart through arteries
Septum definition
separates the right and left sides of the heart
The valves of the heart allow…
one way flow of blood
How many valves are in the heart?
4
Breakdown the four valves of the heart
2 atrioventricular valves (AV)
2 semilunar valves
What are the other names for the left atrioventricular valve and where is it located
bicuspid valve or mitral valve
between the left atrium and ventricle
What is the other name for the right atrioventricular valve and where is it located
tricuspid valve
between the right atrium and ventricle
Label the figure
What is the other name for the aortic semilunar valve and where is it located
aortic valve
between the left ventricle and the aorta
What is the other name for the pulmonary semilunar valve and where is it located
pulmonary valve
between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Label the figure
Label the figure
Label the figure
The cusps/flaps of the bicuspids and tricuspid valves are anchored to the ventricle walls by…
fibrous “cords”
What are the fibrous cords that anchor the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to the ventricle walls?
chordae tendinae
The chordae tendinae are attached to the ventricle walls by…
papillary muscles
What is the purpose of the chordae tendinae and the papillary muscles
prevents the valve from being pushed up into the atria during ventricular systole
Label the figure
Identify the numbers
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
papillary muscles
chordae tendinae
cusps of valve
Septum definition
muscular wall that divides the left and right side of the heart
A ventricular or atrial septal defect causes a…
“hole in the heart”
Label the figure
Label the figure
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
pulmonary artery
aorta
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
pulmonary veins
Label the numbered valves (+ 5)
pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve
mitral (bicuspid) valve
aortic valve
heart apex
Cardiac cycle definition
one complete heartbeat
The contraction of a heart chamber is called…
systole
The relaxation of a chamber is called…
diastole
During ventricular systole, the aortic valve…
opens
During diastole, the aortic valve…
closes
A blood pressure cuff measures the…
force of the blood in the vessels
During systole, the force of blood is…
the greatest
On a blood pressure reading, systole is the…
first, larger number
On a blood pressure reading, diastole is the…
smaller number
Diastole is when the ventricle…
relaxes
Examples of blood pressure
120/80
105/68
140/90
During contraction of the ventricle, pressure is…
very high (systole)
Blood pressure stages
photo
Factors affecting blood pressure
cardiac output
blood volume (5 liters for avg adult)
blood viscosity
peripheral resistance
The “lub dub” sound of the heart is actually the…
opening and closing of the valves
The normal resting heart rate for adults range from…
60-100 bpm
Breakdown of the heart sounds
photo
ECG stands for…
electrocardiogram
Electrocardiogram definition
a recording of the electrical events (changes) during a cardiac cycle
analogous to EKG
The P wave in an ECG is the…
depolarization of the atria
The P wave is when the atria…
contract
systole
The QRS complex in an ECG is the…
depolarization of the ventricles
The QRS complex is when the ventricles…
contract
systole
The T wave in an ECG is the…
repolarization of the ventricles
Label the figure
Label the figure
Tachycardia definition
fast heart rate
Bradycardia definition
slow heart rate
Arrhythmia definition
irregular heart rate
Identify the heart rate type for each ECG
tachycardia
bradycardia
arrhythmia
What makes up the cardiac conduction system
SA node
junctional fibers
AV node
AV bundle
purkinje fibers
Identify the numbers
sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
left and right bundle branches
purkinje fibers
Heart rate is controlled by the…
cardiac center within the medulla oblongata
The heart rate will increase/decrease as a…
response to changes in state (homeostasis)
Photo of the brain
photo
Can your heart continue to beat even after your cerebrum is not functioning?
yes, as the medulla oblongata controls the heart rate
How do cardioinhibitor nerves (vagus) decrease heart rate and force of contraction
release of acetylcholine by cardioinhibitor nerves
How do proprioceptors decrease heart rate and force of contraction
decreased firing rates of proprioceptors (eg. during rest)
How do chemoreceptors decrease heart rate and force of contraction
sense increased levels of O2
sense decreased levels of H+, CO2, and lactic acid
How do baroreceptors decrease heart rate and force of contraction
increased firing rates of baroreceptors (indicating rising blood volume/pressure)
How does the limbic system decrease heart rate and force of contraction
anticipation of relaxation
How do catecholamines decrease heart rate and force of contraction
decreased epinephrine and norepinephrine release by the adrenal glands
How do thyroid hormones decrease heart rate and force of contraction
decreased T3 and T4 in the blood
How does calcium decrease heart rate and force of contraction
decrease in calcium ions in the blood
How does potassium decrease heart rate and force of contraction
increase in potassium ions in the blood
How does sodium decrease heart rate and force of contraction
increase in sodium ions in the blood
