Homework: Ch. 7, Pt. 2, Bailey

American Army Pre-War of 1812 Condition

1. Ill-trained

2. X disciplined

3. Old leaders

4. Scattered

Canada

Home to weakest British forces

- Americans X C Montreal B/C 3-Pronged attack on Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain

- British C Fort Michilimackinac on Great Lakes by Gen. Brock and Gen. Mud/Confusion

American v. British Navy

America: Better craftmenship, gunners, gangcrews

Old Ironsides

The American Freight Constitution

Oliver Hazard Perry

The American naval officer who captured a British ship on the Great Lakes

Battle of the Thames (October 1813)

American Victory

- The battle where General William Henry Harrison D Tecumseh and British in Thamesville, Ontario

Battle of Plattsburgh (September 11th, 1814)

American Victory, British Retreat

The battle on Lake Champlain where British supply ships went against Thomas Macdonough's fleet

- Results:

1. X Upper NY Conquest

2. X NE further war unsupport

3. Saved union split

4. Affected Europe Anglo-American Peace Treaty

British in Chesapeake (August 1814)

1. British victory in Bladenburg

- D 6,000 American militiamen

2. Burnt Capitol and White House

3. American Victory at Fort McHenry B/C Francis Scott Key

Battle of New Oreleans (1815)

American Victory

Andrew Jackson and 7000 "ragtag" soldiers

- British mistake on January 8th, 1815 launching failed frontal attack

- Incresed nationalism and confidence

- Response: British naval blockade

Treaty of Ghent (December 24th, 1814)

The antebellum treaty, not gaining any land, with no mention of impressment

- Ceasefire

Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)

The Congress where Napolen's European map was redrafted

New England

Boycotted the War of 1812, smuggled w/ Canada

Blue Light Federalists

New Englanders who flashed lights to blockading ships so they were more alert to escaping American ships

Hartford Convention (December 1814-January 1815)

The convention where New England met and wanted three constitutional amendments:

1. 2/3 Congressional vote for war

2. 2/3 Congressional vote for tariffs

3. 4y Presidential term cap

- Nail in the coffin for Federalist party

War of 1812 Effects

1. 6000 Americans Killed

2. Increased worldwide respect

- Increased negociating power

3. Increased sectionalism

ex. NE

4. Increased manufacturing

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

The agreement where the US and Britain would stop building ships on the Great Lakes

- Both sides did not uphold this agreement

War of 1812 Nationalism

1. Increased books/literacy

2. Bank of US

3. Implementation of the Army and Navy

4. Increased manufacturing

- Problem: British cut costs on their goods to stop American manufacturing

Tariff of 1816

The first tariff of the United States

- 20-25% tax on imported foreign goods

- Protective X revenue

The American System

Henry Clay's 3-fold economic and political system, interconnecting the South, West, and East

1. Banking system

- 2nd Bank of US

2. Protective Tariff

- Tariff of 1816

3. Internal Improvements

- Tariff money would be distributed from Congress to states to fund

- Canals, rivers, for trade

James Monroe (1817-1825)

5th President of the United States, after the Federalist Party's D

- Democratic-Republican

- Era of Good Feelings

Era of Good Feelings

The time of Monroe's Presidency because of peace and prosperity

Era of Good Feelings Problems

1. Tariff of 1816

2. Bank of US

3. Internal Improvements

4. Public land sale

5. Panic of 1819

Panic of 1819

The economic crisis B/C frontierland overspeculation

- Bank of US and wildcat banks gave out loans for land speculation, people couldn't pay back

- Recession, deflation, depression, debtor imprisonment

Westward Expansion

Appealing B/C

1. Westward Immigration movement

2. Increased European immigrants

- Ohio Fever, cheap land

Land Act of 1820

The act stating a buyer could purchase 80 virgin land acres at a minimum of $1.25 per acre in cash

- Cheap transportation

- Cheap money and increased wildcat banks

Wildcat Banks

State banks known for giving tremendous loans to western land speculators

- Couldn't determine risk B/C X credit

Tallmadge Amendment

The amendment stating

1. Missouri is a slave state

2. X additional slaves brought into Missouri

3. 21st birthday enslaved children free

- Problem: Sovereignty, who determines state freedom? Congress or states?

North vs. South

North: Higher population, wealth, and HoR control

South: Senate equality

Peculiar Institution

The term for slavery

Missouri Compromise (1820)

The compromise written by Henry Clay stating:

1. Missouri is a slave state

2. Maine is a free state

3. Land north of 36 degrees 30' except Missouri is free

- Lasted 34 years, temporary fix

- X fixed slavery

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The Marshall Court ruling declaring the Bank of US is constitutional B/C of its implied powers comissioned by Congress to collect funds

- X state rights B/C Maryland X right to tax Bank of US notes

- Power to tax = Power to destroy

- Loose interpretation

Cohens v. Virginia (1821)

The Marshall Court ruling declaring a Virginia victory when the Cohen Brothers appealed to the highest tribunal when indited for selling lottery tickets

- X state rights B/C judicial review trumps state law

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

The Marshall Court ruling declaring the private water commerse monopoly in the states of New York and New Jersey was constitutional for Gibbons to keep operating because Congress holds power to control interstate commerce

- Commerce Clause, Article I, Section 8

Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

The Marshall Court ruling declaring Georgia's repeal of the bribery landgrant to Mississippi was unconstitutional B/C broke the Constitution's Contract Clause

- Article I, Section 10

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

The Marshall Court ruling Dartmouth College's charter from King George III in 1769 was constitutional under the Contract Clause

- Daniel Webster in support of Dartmouth

Daniel Webster

The Senator and Secretary of State nationalist who defended Dartmouth in 1819

- "One country, one constitution, and one destiny"

Anglo-American Convention (1818)

The convention w/ Britain that:

1. Shared the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada

2. Fixed the Lousiana Territory's northern limits along the 49th Parallel

- Minnesota -> Rockies

3. Joint American-British occupation of Oregon

4. US acquired Florida officially

Latin American Revolutions

The revolutions which had America's initial support, but lost American support B/C European monarchies threat to republicanism

- X Italy Rebellion (1821), X Spain Rebellion (1823)

Russia

Controlled Alaska and down to Ft. Ross in Sonoma

- The Russian bear

Canning Proposal (1823)

The rejected American-British proposal/declaration that stated the Americans and British would renounce interest in aquiring Latin American territory

Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819

The treaty stating the Spanish would:

1. Cede Florida and Oregon for Texas (Mexico)

2. Zig-zag the Lousiana Territory border to the 42nd Parallel and turn west to the Pacific

- AKA the Adams-Onts Treaty

Monroe Doctrine

Adams and Monroe's dosctrine of

1. Noncolonization

- X Alaska

2. Nonintervention

- X Europe monarchies

- X Greek v. Turks war

European Monroe Doctrine Problems

1. "Arrogant"

2. X US military strength

3. Hands-tied B/C X US support

Monroe Doctrine Results

X significant results, mostly unknown

- Never signed into law, but a sign of nationalism

Russo-American Treaty of 1824

The treaty fixing the Southern limits of Russian America to 54 degrees 40'