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Question 1
Who of the following represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?
No answer provided
a. Andrew Carnegie
b. Jay Cooke
c. Thomas Edison
d. John D. Rockefeller
a
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Question 2
Why was the strike by steelworkers at Homestead, Pennsylvania, significant?
No answer provided
a. It ended when the strike leaders were held in contempt of court and jailed.
b. The lockout represented Carnegie's effort to break the plant's union.
c. The strike was the culmination of a long history of poor labor relations at Homestead.
d. The steelworkers were led by immigrant German Marxists.
b
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Question 3
Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?
No answer provided
a. Slowing immigration
b. A higher standard of living
c. A shortage of agricultural products
d. Rapid price inflation
b
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Question 4
Which of the following arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay "Wealth" (later called "The Gospel of Wealth")?
No answer provided
a. Industrialization had allowed the poor to raise themselves to nearly same level as the wealthy.
b. Industrialization would bring economic decline in the United States as it did in England, a mature industrial power.
c. Industrialization only led to a decrease in the standard of living, especially for the working classes.
d. Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose.
d
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Question 5
After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to
No answer provided
a. huge budget deficits.
b. sustained inflation.
c. the dominance of large corporations.
d. significant tax increases.
c
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Question 6
As American industry expanded in the late nineteenth century, its energy source shifted from
No answer provided
a. water to coal.
b. electricity to steam.
c. steam to water.
d. coal to iron.
a
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Question 7
New corporate managers pioneered which system to track expenses and revenues in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Cost accounting
b. Line-by-line bookkeeping
c. Balanced spending
d. The management revolution
a
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Question 8
Gustavus Swift boosted productivity in his Chicago slaughterhouses in the 1860s by using
No answer provided
a. assembly lines.
b. the closed shop.
c. horizontal integration.
d. the foreman system.
a
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Question 9
What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?
No answer provided
a. All these men were immigrants into the United States.
b. They succeeded through horizontal integration.
c. They succeeded through vertical integration.
d. Each one began his career as an industrial mechanic.
c
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Question 10
Which of the following describes vertically integrated corporations?
No answer provided
a. They made it difficult for a few corporations to monopolize an industry.
b. These corporations operated using predatory pricing.
c. Such corporations controlled all aspects of their operations' businesses.
d. These corporations concentrated on one function in the production process.
c
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Question 11
Which of the following technological innovations made it possible for Gustavus F. Swift to undercut the prices of local butchers?
No answer provided
a. Friction gear
b. Automatic coupler
c. Refrigerated car.
d. Air brake
c
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Question 12
Which business strategy did John D. Rockefeller pioneer in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. The corporation
b. Middle management
c. Horizontal integration
d. Vertical integration
c
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Question 13
he United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of
No answer provided
a. the Bessemer process.
b. incorporation.
c. government subsidies.
d. the transportation revolution.
a
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Question 14
How did John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Corporation come to control 95 percent of the nation's oil refining capacity by the 1880s?
No answer provided
a. By inventing the process that extracted kerosene from crude oil
b. Through expanded sales and production overseas
c. By implementing the process of vertical integration
d. Through predatory pricing and the creation of the trust
d
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Question 15
What late-nineteenth-century development made it possible for rural Americans to participate in the national consumer culture?
No answer provided
a. Automobiles
b. Catalogs
c. Billboards
d. Store chains
b
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Question 16
The development of print advertising illustrates the significance of which late-nineteenth-century phenomenon?
No answer provided
a. Consumers' desire for information about the products they consumed
b. The importance of proper labeling on food packages
c. Businesses creating demand for brand names
d. Government intervention to ensure pure food and drugs
c
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Question 17
Which magazine was the first to take advantage of advertising revenue to build mass readership, with over one million subscribers?
No answer provided
a. The Atlantic Monthly
b. Time Magazine
c. The Saturday Evening Post
d. Ladies' Home Journal
d
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Question 18
Which of the following statements characterizes the employment of women in the American labor force during the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. By the 1920s, the two-career marriage was the middle-class norm.
b. In 1890, almost half of all married white women worked outside the home.
c. More than 75 percent of all stenographers and typists were female.
d. Young women were not encouraged to enter the workforce until they married.
c
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Question 19
Why was clerical and office work appealing to white working-class women in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. There was a decrease in demand for domestic servants.
b. Office work was cleaner and better paid than domestic service or factory work.
c. Women were often promoted to better-paying positions in the company.
d. Factory work was too difficult to obtain because it paid higher wages.
b
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Question 20
Which of the following describes the traveling salesmen of the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Many men sought these jobs because they appreciated independence and autonomy.
b. Salesmen, like workers, organized to improve their wages and working conditions.
c. They helped build nationwide distribution networks for a multitude of products.
d. Nineteenth-century salesmen were little different from their eighteenth-century predecessors.
c
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Question 21
Which of the following were skilled workers with a relatively high degree of autonomy in the 1870s?
No answer provided
a. Domestic servants
b. Assembly-line workers
c. Machinists
d. Labor gangs
c
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Question 22
Which of the following was a consequence of mass production?
No answer provided
a. Workers' wages increased as they grew more productive.
b. Workers became masters of their craft.
c. Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy.
d. Craft workers became more valuable to industry.
c
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Question 23
The introduction of mass production in the late-nineteenth-century American economy had which of the following advantages?
No answer provided
a. It gave workers greater control over the pace of their work.
b. It gave workers a greater sense of accomplishment.
c. Mass production increased workers' output.
d. Mass production made work more interesting.
c
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Question 24
"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to
No answer provided
a. yellow-dog contracts.
b. industrial unionism.
c. working conditions for breaker boys.
d. scientific management.
d
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Question 25
The outcome of the implementation of scientific management was
No answer provided
a. that workers found unions less appealing.
b. decreasing production efficiency.
c. resistance from workers.
d. resistance from managers.
c
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Question 26
Which of the following statements characterizes the economics of working-class family life in late-nineteenth-century America?
No answer provided
a. Except for the lowest-paid factory workers, most male heads of household were able to support their families through their own labor.
b. As children grew older, their material needs increased, which strained family budgets and made supporting the children's adolescent years hardest on families.
c. Due to their dire economic circumstances, working-class families frequently sent their children out to work in mills, factories, or mines.
d. Women's household work was crucial in maintaining the family, and this work was commonly done by older daughters because wives were employed outside the home.
c
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Question 27
Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?
No answer provided
a. White-dominated labor unions generally refused to allow blacks to join and seek industrial employment.
b. Black workers intensely disliked factory work and preferred agricultural or casual urban labor.
c. There were almost no factories in the South, where the majority of African Americans lived at that time.
d. Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants.
d
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Question 28
New immigration patterns in the early twentieth century reflected growing emigration from
No answer provided
a. southern and Eastern Europe.
b. north and central Europe.
c. eastern Africa.
d. the British Isles.
a
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Question 29
During the late 1800s, an adult male immigrant from which of the following locations would most likely be a skilled worker?
No answer provided
a. Italy
b. Greece
c. Wales
d. Poland
c
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Question 30
Which of the following statements describes the experiences of the new immigrants who entered the United States between 1880 and 1920?
No answer provided
a. These groups found adjustment to the new country easier than earlier groups had.
b. They quickly assimilated into American culture and gave up their customs and languages.
c. The new immigrants were welcomed much more graciously than were the Irish in 1840.
d. They often planned on working and saving money for a few years before returning home.
d
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Question 31
Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Chinese men sought jobs as indentured servants in the houses of rich Californians.
b. Chinese immigrants came to open laundry businesses in American cities.
c. The burgeoning population of China created widespread famine and shortages.
d. They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China.
d
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Question 32
Which of the following statements describes the Chinese immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. They faced more severe discrimination than European immigrants.
b. Most were unemployed and depended on government assistance to survive.
c. They came in greatest numbers prior to 1850.
d. Chinese immigrants were mostly women escaping sexual slavery.
a
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Question 33
The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by
No answer provided
a. paying white workers higher wages to do agricultural work.
b. barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882.
c. passing a civil rights law that protected them from anti-immigrant violence.
d. establishing a quota limiting Chinese immigration to 10,000 per year.
b
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Question 34
Which of these factors were the critical determinants of workers' occupational opportunities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
No answer provided
a. Age and ethnicity
b. Ethnicity and skills
c. Gender and race
d. Skills and race
c
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Question 35
Which of the following was a nineteenth-century example of a trade union?
No answer provided
a. The Farmer's Alliance
b. The American Federation of Labor
c. The Greenback-Labor Party
d. The Grange
b
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Question 36
Why has the labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics?
No answer provided
a. Historically, labor unions have not been interested in engaging in the political process.
b. Industrial workers put other concerns ahead of labor issues, making it difficult for labor to present a cohesive platform.
c. Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress.
d. Poor leadership has often hindered the political effectiveness of the labor movement.
c
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Question 37
The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?
No answer provided
a. Steel
b. Copper
c. Coal
d. Railroads
d
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Question 38
What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?
No answer provided
a. The leaders of both strikes were jailed.
b. Government troops helped put down both strikes.
c. The American public supported the strikers.
d. The American Railway Union led both strikes.
b
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Question 39
Founded in 1867, the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
No answer provided
a. agitated for laws to exclude immigrants from the Homestead Act.
b. sponsored events to improve the social life of farm families.
c. worked with state and national banks to reduce inflation.
d. built railroad networks to lower farmers' transportation costs.
b
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Question 40
Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?
No answer provided
a. Inflation
b. The gold standard
c. Ending Reconstruction
d. The graduated income tax
a
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Question 41
State Granger laws were designed primarily to
No answer provided
a. require banks to be more generous in granting loans.
b. decrease wholesale commodity prices.
c. regulate big business.
d. regulate prices.
c
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Question 42
In terms of membership, the Knights of Labor discriminated
No answer provided
a. against unskilled laborers.
b. by excluding the Chinese
c. by ethnicity.
d. against women.
b
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Question 43
The Knights of Labor advocated which of the following reforms in their 1878 platform?
No answer provided
a. The right to bear arms
b. The family wage
c. Workplace safety laws
d. Workers' revolution
c
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Question 44
Why was the Haymarket incident of 1886 significant?
No answer provided
a. The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor.
b. It led to an eight-hour day for McCormick workers.
c. It demonstrated the professionalization of Chicago's police force.
d. It created greater public respect for unions.
a
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Question 45
In 1891, the Texas Alliance proposed cooperative enterprise to
No answer provided
a. fight inflation.
b. provide a safe place for farmers' savings.
c. give farmers access to cheap credit.
d. reduce the influence of government in agriculture.
c
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Question 46
The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) led to
No answer provided
a. passage of the Gold Standard Act.
b. the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
c. passage of the McKinley Tariff.
d. the implementation of the Specie Resumption Act.
b
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Question 47
What was the purpose of the Hatch Act, passed by Congress and President Grover Cleveland in 1887?
No answer provided
a. To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education
b. To establish state-regulated farms to sell produce at a cheaper rate
c. To provide funds to farmers struggling to pay debts
d. To fund large corporate farms, encouraging the growth of the farming industry
a
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Question 48
Established in 1887, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
No answer provided
a. sued in court to force companies to reduce high rates.
b. helped to transition companies into public ownership.
c. investigated in-state shipping.
d. encouraged companies to cooperate in setting prices.
a
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Question 49
Why was the American Federation of Labor more successful than the Knights of Labor in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. The AFL was open to all workers.
b. The AFL focused on goals such as better wages, hours, and working conditions.
c. The Knights were too restrictive.
d. The Knights' push for practical job interests was not idealistic enough.
b
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Question 50
Which of the following pairs is properly matched?
No answer provided
a. Closed shop—force applied on a comparable industry to bring pressure on the primary target
b. Collective bargaining—union negotiates with the employer for all the employees
c. Trade union—all jobs reserved for union members
d. Yellow-dog contract—workers in one industry organized into a single organization, regardless of skill
b
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Question 51
The following questions refer to the following excerpt.
"Throughout the . . . nineteenth century, the number of policemen in American cities grew more rapidly than the population. . . . Drink and disorder continued to dominate the arrest lists. Nevertheless, some important changes lay ahead. The discipline . . . demonstrated by New York's police in the draft riots of 1863 persuaded businesses and professional leaders . . . of the value of uniformed, professional officers. . . . The uniformed police took over tasks . . . that had formerly been done by watchmen and magistrates. They also began to institute their own surveillance of workers' political activities. . . . The capacity of the state to govern had been greatly increased where it mattered most: in the suppression of popular behavior that disrupted the mastery of society by capitalist markets."
— David Montgomery, historian, Citizen Worker: The Experience of Workers in the United States with Democracy and the Free Market During the Nineteenth Century,
1993
Which of the following historical developments was the most direct cause of the phenomena Montgomery describes in the excerpt?
No answer provided
a. The influx of 25 million immigrants into the United States between 1860 and World War I
b. The growth of big business and its power to influence local and national governments
c. The emergence of organizations intended to win reforms for industrial workers
d. Growing levels of urban disorder caused by poverty and excessive alcohol consumption
b
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Question 52
The following questions refer to the following excerpt.
"Throughout the . . . nineteenth century, the number of policemen in American cities grew more rapidly than the population. . . . Drink and disorder continued to dominate the arrest lists. Nevertheless, some important changes lay ahead. The discipline . . . demonstrated by New York's police in the draft riots of 1863 persuaded businesses and professional leaders . . . of the value of uniformed, professional officers. . . . The uniformed police took over tasks . . . that had formerly been done by watchmen and magistrates. They also began to institute their own surveillance of workers' political activities. . . . The capacity of the state to govern had been greatly increased where it mattered most: in the suppression of popular behavior that disrupted the mastery of society by capitalist markets."
— David Montgomery, historian, Citizen Worker: The Experience of Workers in the United States with Democracy and the Free Market During the Nineteenth Century,
1993
Which of the following events most directly supports the ideas expressed in the excerpt?
No answer provided
a. Use of the Social Gospel to challenge the dominance of the corporate ethic
b. The consolidation of corporations into trusts
c. Violent labor protests such as the one at Haymarket Square in 1886
d. Mob violence directed against Chinese workers in the 1880s
c
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Question 53
Which of the following figures was a major proponent of commercial domesticity in the nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Rutherford B. Hayes
b. Thomas Edison
c. Horatio Alger
d. P. T. Barnum
d
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Question 55
How did working-class women gain access to the fine department stores in the United States in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Working-class domestics accompanied their female employers into the stores.
b. Vagrancy laws made it impossible for non-elite people to enter the stores.
c. Working-class women gained access as clerks, cashiers, and store messengers.
d. They could enter the stores only if they dressed and acted like middle-class women.
c
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Question 54
How did the large department stores of the nineteenth century attract middle-class women patrons?
No answer provided
a. The stores banned men from entering without their mothers or wives.
b. The stores posted burly security guards at all the doors.
c. They proclaimed that children and women were their primary audience.
d. They offered tearooms and attentive service.
d
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Question 56
Which of these late-nineteenth-century U.S. Supreme Court rulings settled the question of African Americans' access to regular first-class seats on American railroad cars until the 1950s?
No answer provided
a. Wabash v. Illinois
b. Allen v. Hanks
c. Montana Railway Co. v. Warren
d. Plessy v. Ferguson
d
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Question 57
Which of the following describes the consumer culture that emerged in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century United States?
No answer provided
a. Modern and innovative
b. Feminist and egalitarian
c. Politically progressive
d. Separate but equal
a
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Question 58
Which of the following phenomena spurred changes in Americans' understanding of masculinity in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Baseball
b. Exclusive male city clubs
c. The "new woman"
d. Urban life and work
d
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Question 59
The growth of the YMCA in late-nineteenth-century American cities resulted from which of the following factors?
No answer provided
a. There was a greater need to train athletes for professional sports careers.
b. The YMCA prompted "muscular Christianity" for white-collar workers.
c. People newly arrived in cities needed an outlet for entertainment.
d. There was an epidemic of obesity across the United States in the nineteenth century.
b
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Question 60
By the early 1900s, many business leaders encouraged their male workers to participate in sports to
No answer provided
a. maintain their contacts with working-class culture.
b. adjust to the demands of the industrial clock.
c. counter the influences of domesticity.
d. exhaust workers' competitive instincts.
b
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Question 61
Which of the following sports was invented by YMCA instructors in the 1890s?
No answer provided
a. Football
b. Baseball
c. Basketball
d. Lacrosse
c
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Question 62
How did baseball become America's most popular game?
No answer provided
a. It was the only distinctively American game before the 1860s.
b. Professional teams were started in dozens of cities as part of the National League.
c. The game had been popular with Americans soldiers since the Revolutionary War.
d. Baseball teams often allowed women to play.
b
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Question 63
Which of the following was a reason American businesses embraced baseball in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. The game taught a new generation about the bloody days of the Civil War.
b. It reminded urban Americans of their rural past.
c. The game was a wholesome way to promote discipline and teamwork.
d. It provided urbanites with a respected symbol of authority--the umpire.
c
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Question 64
Which sport was the most controversial in the late 1800s?
No answer provided
a. Professional baseball
b. Basketball
c. College football
d. Women's field hockey
c
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Question 65
The Gibson Girl of the 1890s personified which of the following female images?
No answer provided
a. The middle-class "new woman"--public spirited and athletic
b. Young working-class women who worked as servants for the middle-class
c. Prostitutes in urban brothels who were patronized by middle-class men
d. College-educated career women who preferred to remain single
a
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Question 66
In which of the following athletic activities were elite women in their twenties likely to participate?
No answer provided
a. Lacrosse
b. Baseball
c. Tennis
d. Football
c
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Question 67
As the United States industrialized, the outdoors lost its association with danger and hard work and became newly associated with
No answer provided
a. pollution.
b. renewal.
c. sexuality.
d. religion.
b
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Question 68
Which of the following is correctly matched?
No answer provided
a. U.S. Forest Service—advocated broader protection for wild birds
b. Lacey Act—celebrated the austere beauty of the California desert
c. Sierra Club—founded by John Muir to preserve the environment
d. Audubon Society—oversaw many of the nation's national parks
c
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Question 69
Which of the following statements characterizes urban leisure in post-Civil War America?
No answer provided
a. Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home
b. Few urban Americans had any extra money to spend on leisure activities.
c. Families and churches were still the settings of most leisure activities.
d. Most urban Americans worked such long hours that they had little time for leisure activities.
a
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Question 70
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of self" referred to the
No answer provided
a. loneliness many experienced when they moved to large urban cities.
b. growing practice of meditation and relaxation.
c. Christian practice of extended prayer and fasting to grow closer to God.
d. importance of women's autonomy in modern society.
d
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Question 71
Which of the following statements characterizes family life in the late 1800s?
No answer provided
a. Family sizes actually increased as urban prosperity allowed parents to support more children comfortably.
b. The birthrate remained stable because of the different cultural values held by many immigrants.
c. Family size continued its steady decline because middle-class children in cities were not needed for work.
d. Farm daughters did more traditionally male work as young male farmers moved to large cities.
c
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Question 72
The typical American middle-class household in 1900 consisted of husband, wife, and how many additional family members?
No answer provided
a. Two children
b. Five children
c. Several children and extended family members
d. Three children
d
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Question 73
Which of the following was true for middle-class families in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Remaining unmarried by age twenty was very infrequent and widely stigmatized.
b. Legal abortion and birth control aided in the move toward smaller families.
c. Smaller family sizes allowed parents to focus their resources and increase their social mobility.
d. Husbands and wives both worked in the home, thereby strengthening family ties.
c
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Question 74
The Comstock Act took effect in 1873 and
No answer provided
a. reversed the earlier law that banned obscene materials from the U.S. mail.
b. legalized the use of contraceptive devices made of vulcanized rubber.
c. criminalized any activity that resulted in the creation of pornographic material.
d. prohibited the circulation of any information about sex and birth control.
d
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Question 75
Which of the following statements characterizes changes in the lives of middle-class American children in the last decades of the nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Most moved directly from childhood into adult urban life.
b. Parents placed increasing emphasis on discipline.
c. Children became economic assets on whom the family relied for income.
d. A high school education became more common.
d
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Question 76
Why did the rate of college attendance quadruple between the 1880s and the 1920s?
No answer provided
a. Private colleges began to emphasize practical pursuits.
b. Increasing numbers of women attended college.
c. State universities began to adopt classical curricula.
d. The public university system expanded.
d
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Question 77
Which of the following statements summarizes Booker T. Washington's approach to racial change in the United States?
No answer provided
a. He advocated political organizing to challenge the structures and attitudes of racism.
b. Washington advocated education for African Americans to end poverty and segregation.
c. He promoted industrial education for blacks as a strategy for lessening white prejudice.
d. Washington promoted black boarding schools to assimilate students into white culture.
c
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Question 78
Between 1880 and 1920, higher education for women was
No answer provided
a. unheard of in most parts of the country.
b. banned in most of the South.
c. almost universal among the middle class.
d. mostly at single-sex institutions in the Northeast and South.
d
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Question 79
Which of the following describes the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. The organization confined itself exclusively to work on the liquor question.
b. Led by Susan B. Anthony, the group protested outside saloons with babies in arm.
c. It supported woman suffrage as a tool that could challenge the liquor interest.
d. The group used temperance as a front for its real feminist agenda and platform.
c
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Question 80
The Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) was the first national movement to
No answer provided
a. demand a constitutional amendment to ban alcohol.
b. identify and fight against domestic violence.
c. call for woman suffrage.
d. be led by a woman.
b
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Question 81
Which of the following groups would have been unlikely to support prohibition in the late nineteenth century?
No answer provided
a. Baptists and Methodists
b. German immigrants
c. Rural farmers
d. Urban, elite women
b
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Question 82
In 1880s, the Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) controversially threw its support behind the
No answer provided
a. Democratic Party.
b. Greenback Labor Party.
c. Prohibition Party.
d. Republican Party.
c
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Question 83
Which region of the United States had responded to the women's voting rights movement by 1900?
No answer provided
a. Lower South
b. Northeast
c. Midwest
d. West
d
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Question 84
The National Association of Colored Women was effective in its efforts to improve the life of African Americans because it
No answer provided
a. focused its attention on community issues such as public health.
b. gave lectures throughout the country.
c. rejected the traditional role of women in domesticity.
d. enabled African Americans to be educated in white schools.
a
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Question 85
Why was the United Daughters of the Confederacy founded in 1894?
No answer provided
a. To change the beliefs and customs of the South
b. To study the historical factors that lead to the Civil War in the South
c. To fight for the liberties of all people in the United States, regardless of race or gender
d. To promote the "Lost Cause" of the South in the Civil War
d
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Question 86
What did the term petticoat rule mean when it was used by antisuffragists in the early twentieth century?
No answer provided
a. Women were often controlling in running households.
b. Women would become hungry for political office if given the right to vote.
c. If granted the right to vote, women might cancel husband's votes.
d. Women should always put their womanliness before any other ambitions.
c
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Question 87
The Heterodoxy Club, founded in Greenwich Village in 1912, was open to any woman who pledged
No answer provided
a. support for domesticity and separate spheres.
b. work assiduously for women's rights.
c. her belief in the centrality of heterosexuality.
d. not to be orthodox in her opinions.
d
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Question 88
In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists, such as William Graham Sumner, believed that
No answer provided
a. businesses should be regulated.
b. "inferior" people should be discouraged from reproducing.
c. millionaires were the fittest Americans.
d. government should guide social processes.
c
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Question 89
Which of these concepts followed directly from the philosophy of Social Darwinism?
No answer provided
a. Eugenics laws
b. Domesticity
c. The Social Gospel
d. Modernism
a
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Question 90
Which of the following statements describes Charles Darwin's theories as presented in his book, On the Origin of Species?
No answer provided
a. Plants' and animals' adaptations were inevitably beneficial to the species.
b. Human society should function on the basis of competition and survival of the fittest.
c. Animals and plants adapt to better suit their environment through natural selection.
d. Animals and plants can acquire transmissible traits within a single lifetime.
c
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Question 91
Which of the following authors rejected romanticism and Victorian sentimentality in their works?
No answer provided
a. Harriet Beecher Stowe
b. Andrew Carnegie
c. Stephen Crane
d. George Bellows
c
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Question 92
Which of the following authors is correctly matched with one of his works?
No answer provided
a. Stephen Crane—"To Build a Fire"
b. Theodore Dreiser—Letters from the Earth
c. Mark Twain—A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court
d. Jack London—Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
c
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Question 93
Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the literary movements in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
No answer provided
a. Naturalism, romanticism, realism, modernism
b. Romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism
c. Realism, romanticism, modernism, naturalism
d. Modernism, realism, romanticism, naturalism
b
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Question 94
Realism and modernism had which of the following characteristics in common?
No answer provided
a. They embraced feminism and women artists.
b. Both forms emphasized virility and masculinity
c. They were closely allied with reform movements.
d. Both were religiously and spiritually expressive.
b
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Question 95
In the late nineteenth century, the American Catholic hierarchy was dominated by
No answer provided
a. German Americans.
b. Hispanic Americans.
c. Polish Americans.
d. Irish Americans.
d
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Question 96
Which of the following is true of religion in the city at the turn of the twentieth century?
No answer provided
a. Protestant churches eschewed evangelism.
b. Protestantism was easily accepted by city dwellers.
c. The Catholic Church incorporated ethnic differences in urban areas.
d. Immigrant Catholics abandoned ethnic customs for the sake of religious unity.
c
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Question 97
In the late nineteenth century, many native-born, prosperous American Jews embraced
No answer provided
a. nativism.
b. atheism.
c. Reform Judaism.
d. Orthodox Judaism.
c
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Question 98
By 1916, which of the following religious groups had increased immensely in the United States because of immigration?
No answer provided
a. Catholics
b. Protestants
c. Methodists
d. Baptists
a
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Question 99
Of the nine thousand overseas Protestant missionaries in 1915, the largest percentage of them served in
No answer provided
a. Africa.
b. Central America.
c. Asia.
d. Russia.
c
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Question 100
Iowans created the American Protective Organization in 1887 to
No answer provided
a. prevent African Americans from moving into their state.
b. protect Midwestern women from urban sex trafficking.
c. protect black Iowans from the revived Ku Klux Klan.
d. oppose the influence of Catholics in the United States.
d
