Immigration - SOC1001

What is immigration?

The movement of people into a country for settlement (e.g., moving to Canada from India).

What is emigration?

The movement of people out of a country to settle elsewhere (e.g., leaving Mexico for the U.S.).

What are push factors?

Conditions that force people to leave (e.g., war, poverty, persecution).

What are pull factors?

Attractions that draw people to a new country (e.g., jobs, safety, education).

What is the classic model of migration?

Countries encourage immigration with citizenship pathways (e.g., U.S., Canada, Australia).

What is the colonial model?

Preferential treatment for immigrants from former colonies (e.g., U.K. admitting Indians).

What is the guest worker model?

Temporary immigrants without citizenship rights (e.g., Turkish workers in Germany).

What is illegal immigration?

Entering/staying in a country without legal authorization (e.g., crossing borders secretly).

Jus sanguinis vs. jus soli?

Jus sanguinis: Citizenship by bloodline (e.g., Germany). Jus soli: Citizenship by birthplace (e.g., U.S., France).

What are remittances?

Money/goods sent by migrants to families in their home countries (e.g., $500 sent monthly to Philippines).

Name 4 global migration tendencies.

1. Acceleration: Faster movement due to technology/transport. 2. Diversification: More origin/destination countries. 3. Globalization: Linked economies drive migration. 4. Feminization: Increasing female migrants (e.g., domestic workers).

What is assimilation?

Minority groups adopt the dominant culture’s norms (e.g., immigrants speaking English in the U.S.).

What is the melting pot model?

Blending cultures to create new behaviors (e.g., U.S. food fusion like Tex-Mex).

What is pluralism?

Ethnic groups keep distinct identities but share equal rights (e.g., multilingual Switzerland).

What is multiculturalism?

Coexisting ethnic groups with equal political/economic power (e.g., Canada’s official policy).