AP World History - World War I Test

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy alliance formed to protect against France in 1880s

Contributors to Start of WWI

Feuds between European countries, industrialism, rise in nationalism, military build-up and powerful weapons, power-grabbing alliances

France-Russian Alliance

formed to keep Germany in check

Schlieffen Plan

Germany’s planned attack on France through Belgium (neutral country)

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia - later joined by Japan (and Italy when they switched sides in 1915)

Event that started WWI

Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip - Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia led to all allied groups getting involved

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary

Central Powers Alliance

Ottoman Empire, Germany, Austria-Hungary

How many countries joined the WWI?

over 40 - most due to colonial ties and alliances

Why did US join WWI?

1. Germany sinking British civilian boat Lusitania in 1915

2. Zimmermann telegram

• Previously had an isolationism policy

Zimmermann telegram

Secret telegram between German diplomats saying Mexico could regain territory taken by US if they joined forces

Isolationism

neutrality, focusing on internal affairs instead

WWI End

Germany and Central Powers gave up in November 1918

WWI Effects

• 8.5 million soldiers were killed

• 20 million civilians died

Treaty of Versailles

signed in 1919 - official end to WWI

Treaty of Versailles Main Points

1. Germany was to pay war reparations, release territory, downsize military to prevent them from rising to power again

2. Austria-Hungary divided into other nations like Czechoslovakia

3. Britain and France put strict punishments on Germany - US wanted to focus on President Wilson’s Fourteen Points

President Wilson’s Fourteen Points

more focused on future peace and workable balance of power - but was disapproved of by Britain and France

League of Nations

President Wilson called for formation of council to preserve peace and establish humanitarian goals, but was not widely accepted (even by US)

Czar Nicholas II

Russian czar who was forced to resign in 1917 over growing resentment among working class

Alexander Kerensky

established a provisional government in Russia after czar Nicholas II - ineffective because it disagreed with the local councils, soviets, who represented workers, peasants, and soldiers

Bolsheviks

Led by Marxist leader Vladimir Lenin - Socialist party that was backed by the Russian working class

April Theses

issues by Vladimir Lenin - demanded peace, land for peasants, power to soviets

• within 6 months took power of government - soon to be called Soviet Union

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

1918 - armistice with Germany - ceded part of western Russia to Germany so they dropped out of WWI

Red Army

Bolshevik military force under Leon Trotsky to defeat counterrevolutions against Russian leadership

What happened when Ottoman Empire joined Central Powers in WWI?

A movement to reclaim Turkish culture occurred and spawned a genocide of Armenian minority and a shift to Turkish nationalism

• resulted in loss of most of remaining land in peace negotiations

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

Led successful military against invading Greece and overthrew Ottoman Empire to become first president of Turkey

What did the Soviets do when they dropped out of WWI?

Focused on their own domestic problems - Lenin instituted the New Economic Policy