4U Bio: Unit 1 - Biochemistry

What is a biological molecule?

A molecule that makes up living things

What does the biological function of a molecule depend on?

• Type of bonds between atoms

• Shape of molecule

What does intra- mean?

Within

What does inter- mean?

Between

(T/F) Electrons are shared in covalent bonds

True

What is a Hydrogen bond?

• A type of dipole-dipole force between a positive H atom and a negative O/N/F ion from ANOTHER MOLECULE

Is a Hydrogen bond an intramolecular bond?

No.

water is the universal _____

solvent

What is adhesion?

Water molecules sticking to other substances

What is cohesion?

Water sticking to other water molecules

(T/F) water is more dense in solid form.

False

Why is water’s specific heat capacity important?

Harder to change its temperature, meaning it can store and release heat in the winter.

Ratio of C:H:O in carbohydrates

1:2:1

What is an isomer?

Molecules that have the same formula with different arrangements

What are 3 monosaccharides with the formula C6H12O6 ?

Glucose, fructose, and galactose.

What is the chemical formula for ribose?

C5H10O5

Where does the difference between glucose and galactose occur?

On the 4th carbon

What is the difference between glucose and galactose?

Glucose’s 4th carbon has hydroxyl (OH) at the top.

Where does the difference between alpha and beta carbohydrates occur?

The first carbon

What is the difference between alpha and beta carbohydrates?

Alpha carbohydrates have the OH-group at the bottom

What is this functional group called?

Hydroxyl

What joins two sugar molecules in a disaccharide?

A glycosidic bond/linkage

What causes a glycosidic bond?

Synthesis reaction between two Hydroxyls

What is always a product of dehydration synthesis?

Water.