Construction Materials Flashcards

Flashcards from Construction Materials Lecture Notes

Road

A wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a specially prepared surface which vehicles can use.

Freeway

Road classification designed exclusively for high-speed vehicular traffic, unhindered by traffic signals or at-grade crossings.

Highway

Road classification with lower speed limits, potentially passing through inhabited areas with traffic signals and pedestrians.

Expressway

A high-speed divided highway with access partially or fully controlled.

Planning

The first step in road construction, including considerations for requirements, finance, law, and the environment.

Design

A step in road construction involving location, terrain, soil, vicinity, and water and drainage considerations.

Earthworks

A step in road construction focusing on embankment, leveling, fill, and compacting.

Quality Control.

A step in road construction, including grading, levels, fill, and compacting.

Maintenance

The final step in road construction involves rehabilitation

Earthen Roads

Roads that are low cost and suitable for rural areas, made of compacted natural soil.

Stabilized Earthen Roads

Earthen roads that are strengthened with physical, chemical, or biological agents.

Gravel Roads

Roads surfaced with gravel brought from a quarry or stream bed, offering lower construction and maintenance costs.

Cement Concrete Roads

Roads made by blending Portland cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and water to form a durable surface.

Bituminous Roads

Pavements made from Bitumen, a highly viscous form of petroleum, known for durability and resilience.

Asphalt

Material made from dried crushed rock and petroleum compounds, a composite of aggregates, sand, and bitumen.

Bitumen

Material acting as a liquid binding agent that holds asphalt together.

Geosynthetics

Man-made materials used to improve soil conditions.

Geomembranes

A type of geosynthetic made from Polyethylene (PE).

Geotextiles

A type of geosynthetic made from Polypropylene (PP).

Geopipe

A type of geosynthetic made from Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC).

Geogrids

A type of geosynthetic made from Polyester (Poleyethylene Terephthalate) (PET).

Geotextiles

A type of geosynthetic made from Polyamide 6.6 (PA) (Nylon 6/6).

Geocomposites

A type of geosynthetic made from Polystyrene (PS).

Geotextiles

Permeable fabrics used with soil to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.

Woven

Geotextile resembling mail bag sacking.

Nonwoven

Geotextile resembling felt.

Geomembranes

Synthetic membrane liners used to control fluid or gas migration.

Geogrids

Connected tensile ribs with apertures allowing strike-through of surrounding soil.

Geopipe

Perforated or solid-wall polymeric pipes used for drainage of fluids or gas.

Geonets

Material commonly used to facilitate drainage of low-permeable soils.

Geocomposites

Combination of one or more geosynthetics with another material, used for roadway functions.

Geofoam

Lightweight geosynthetic fill material used as an alternative to various fill materials.

Steel

Principle to Reinforce Concrete to mainly resist tension.

Reincorcing Steel

Type of reinforcing steel consisting of bars, expanding metal or wire mesh, welded wire fabric, and sheet metal.

Plain Bars

Reinforcing bars that are used at expansion joints, contraction joints, main reinforcements, stirrups and ties and structural framework

Variation in Mass (VIM)

Method used instead of measurement of diameter for rebars with non-uniform cross section.

Grade 33/PNS 230

Grade under PNS specification that typically has low-rise buildings and low loading conditions.

Grade 40/PNS 275

Grade under PNS specification that typically has medium-rise structures/ infrastructure work.

Grade 60/PNS 415

Grade under PNS specification that typically has medium and high-rise structures/ infrastructure.

Expanded Metal Mesh

Expanded metal mesh are widely used as steel reinforcement materials in petroleum, chemical industry and building.

Welded Wire Mesh

The Welded Mesh Panel is utilized as guards in buildings and factories, as animal enclosure and fence in agriculture; it is also used in the horticulture industry as tree guards, plant protection.

Sheet Metal

Material used in reinforced concrete construction for floor slabs, stairs, and roofs.

Tie Wire

Wire used to hold rebar in place during concrete placement. It adds nothing to the strength of steel.

Snap Tie

Ties used for rebar in a flat horizontal position, mostly on floor slabs.

Wall Tie

Ties used mostly on light vertical mats of steel.

Double-Strand Single Tie

Ties are especially favored for heavy work.

Saddle Tie

Ties used on special locations, such as on walls.

Saddle Tie with Twist

Ties used for heavy mats that are to be lifted by a crane.

Cross Tie or Figure Eight

A tie that has the advantage of causing little or no twist in the bars.

reinforcing bar support

Device used to secure bars in position during concrete placement.

Lap Splice

The most common and usually most economical splices, typically used for smaller diameter horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars.

Mechanical Splicing

Device that use a metal device to connect two pieces of rebar.

Welded Splicing

Splicing by electric arc welding the reinforcing bars together.

Mobile Crane

A crane mounted on a truck carrier provides the mobility for this type of crane.

Crawler Crane

Crane mounted on an undercarriage with tracks for stability and mobility.

Spreader Bar

Device used to distribute the load of a lift across more than one point, increasing stability.

Structural Steel

An alloy of iron and carbon, with other metals added to give it particular properties.

Hot Rolled Steel Section

Steel sections that is concerned with manipulating material shape and geometry.