UCSP

Society

A large group of people engaging in social interactions.

Sex

Refers to physical and biological identity (male and female)

Gender

Refers to social and personal identity (masculine and feminine) that is malleable and varies across societies.

Gender Roles

Culturally assigned tasks and activities based on sexes.

Culture

Defines gender in societies and dictates appropriate characteristics of genders, which society then propagates.

Gender Equality

Ensuring equal rights for girls and boys to develop their potential.

Gender Inequality

The absence of gender equality.

Communities

Barangays headed by Datu/Raja

Maharlika

• First social class

• Composed of Datu and their families

Timawa “freemen”

• Middle/Second social class

• Composed of workers, warriors, artisans, etc.

• Owned properties

Alipin “slaves”

• Lowest/Third social class

• Served others as payment for their debts

Aliping Namamahay

• Had their own properties

• Can go back to being Timawa after repaying debts

Aliping Saguiguilid

• Will be slaves for life due to large debts

• Had no properties 

Peninsulares “Peninsula”

• Highest class

• Spaniards born in Spain

Insulares “Insular”

Spaniards born in the Philippines

Mestizo

People with mixed ancestry

Indio

Filipinos born in the Philippines

“Middle Class” in the Spanish Period

The middle class consisted of Principalia and Ilustrados

Principalia

Composed of nobles and leaders

Gobernadorcillo

(City Mayor)

Cabeza

(Barangay Leader)

Ilustrados

• Those who studies in Europe like scholars and artists

• Usually children of principalia

Social Stratification

Division of society based on occupation and income levels.

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

(1987) introduced high, middle, and low-income

High-income class

• Get 200,000php per month

• Only 1% of population

Middle-income class

• 36,000php per month

• Usually professionals and entrepreneurs

Low-income class

• 10,000php per month

• Usually laborers and minimum wage workers

Social Mobility

Movement of people/families between different socioeconomic classes

Ethnicity

Refers to a group sharing a culture or descent, also known as an ethnic group.

Race

Refers to a group sharing similar physical features, categorized into Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid.

Number of Ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines 

182 different types

The 8 main Ethnolinguistic groups in Ph

• Ilokano

• Pangasinense

• Bikolano

• Cebuano

• Kapampangan

• Tagalog

• Ilonggo

• Waray-Waray

Smaller Ethnolinguistic groups

• Ibanag

• Ivatan

• Sambal

• Subanon

• Maguindanaoan

• Zambuangueño

Indigenous groups in the Philippines

• Mangyans of Mindoro

• Igorots of the Mountain Province

• Moros of Mindanao

Racism

Discrimination or prejudice based on a person's race

Ethnocentrism

Discrimination or prejudice based on a person’s culture and ethnicity

Genocide

The deliberate destruction of a group of people based on their culture or race

Ex. The Holocaust

Ethnic Cleansing

The mass expulsion, killing, or rape of a group of people part of a ethnic or religious group.

Religion

Set of practices related to belief, encompassing various faiths.

Various Religions

Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism.

Exceptionality

Quality that sets a person apart from the norm, could be a disability or talent.

Non-Exceptionality

Quality of a person that makes them average or part of the norm

#Republic Act 7277 “Magna Carta For People with Disabilities (PWD)” in 1991

Republic Act concerning people with Disabilities

International Symbol of Access (ISA)

Can be found at places that are designated for all persons with disabilities

Nation

• Large aggregate of people united by common descent through inhabiting a particular country or territory 

• Emphasizes a particular group of people

Nationality

A person's instinctive membership to a specific nation or country

Country

Emphasizes the physical dimensions and boundaries of a geographical area

State

A self-governing legal and political entity

Citizenship

Legal and political status in a city or state.

Jus Soli

By soil; Country in which you were born

Jus Sanguinis

By blood; Acquired through the citizenship of parents

Naturalization

By choice; Choosing to be a citizen of a country

Citizenship by Marriage

By marriage; Marrying a citizen of a different country (Afam hehe)

Economic Citizenship

By investment; Citizenship granted due to significant economical investments to the country

Administrative Naturalization Law 2000 (R.A 9139)

Avenue for administrative naturalization

Philippine Nationality Law

Is based on Jus Sanguinis

Right to Nationality

• Every person has a right to nationality

• It is a fundamental human right to acquire, retain, or change nationality

Statelessness

Condition of not having a nationality

Article 1 of the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

“a stateless person is someone who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law".

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

Handles all issues regarding refugees and stateless people. Identifies stateless people and protect their rights, as well as prevent statelessness from happening all over the world. They also aid stateless people in acquiring new citizenship in other countries.