Computer science 1.1

What is clock speed?

The frequency of the computer determines how fast the prosessor is in Hz

What is a computer?

Any machine or device that processes data it recieves inputs, processes these in some way then inputs something.

What is an instruction?

A sequence of bits in a specific format to instruct the computer to preform a specific operation

What is transistor count?

The number of transistors fabricated in the processor. It is a measure of complexity of a processor

What is a program?

A sequence of instructions to preform a specific task on the computer

What is a cpu?

The internal hardware component of the computer that is responsible for executing the instructions of programs

What are the five components of a cpu?

ALU

Control unit

Registers

Cache

Buses

What is the use of cache?

Extremely fast temporary storage

Stores recently used instructions to save repeated retrieval from RAM

What is the use of registers?

Temporary storage for important instruction data during the fetch- execute cycle

What is the use of the control unit ?

Sends information to and from the CPU

controls different parts of the

What is the use of the ALU( arithmetic and logic unit)?

Deals with mathematical and logical operations

What is the use of buses?

Transfers information between different parts of the PC

What is RAM?

RAM is where currently running programs stored

Why can’t we just use cache instead of RAM

Expensive

The bigger it becomes the slower it runs

How can PC’S be improved?

Multiple cores means more instructions can be processed at once

More fetch execute cycle that happen per second the faster the cpu

The more RAM the more programs can be open at one time

Describe parallel processing

In a computer with two or more cores it is possible to split up programs which can be processed at the same time

What is a network?

A network is two or more devices connected together

What is the internet?

A worldwide communications infrastructure

What is a network protocol?

A standard set of rules to ensure proper transfer of key information across a network

Name types of network

LAN - local area network

WAN - wide area network

PAN - personal are network

MAN - metropolitan area network

SAN - storage area network

What are disadvantages of WAN

More costly to set up and maintain

What are the benefits of LAN?

-Good for small area as they’re require less maintenance and equipment

-Cheaper to set up

Describe the use of udp

Universal datagram protocol

Streaming multimedia

Sending data gram across a network with very few recovery services

Describe client server network?

A sever has multiple connected clients which is kept track of by having a database of users who log into the network

Everything that happens on the network goes through the server

Describe peer to peer network?

All computers in this configuration are of equal status

Computer can act as client or server or both

Each PC may have a role in managing the network

What is handshaking?

The exchange of signals between devices to establish their readiness to communicate.

What 5 things are in a ip protocol stack?

Application layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Data link and physical layer

What is parallel transmission?

All the bits in a bite are sent along multiples wires

What is word length?

A fixed sized group of bits that are handled as a unit by the hardware of the processor and sent along the buses

What is the use of DHCP

Dynamic host configuration protocol

Assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network

What is the use of SMTP

Simple mail transfer protocol ‘

Sending emails across a network

What is the use of FTP?

File transfer protocol

Allows for documents to be transmitted and exchanged

What is the use of HTTP?

Hyper text transfer protocol

Allows for the transmission of webpages across the internet.

What is the use of VoIP?

Voice over internet protocol

Allows use of voice calls to be made over internet

What is the use of Wi-Fi?

The standard wireless communication protocol which allows devices to connect to a router via radio wary

What is LTE?

Long term evolution

A faster region of 3G which allows to wirelessly upload and download

What's the use of Bluetooth?

A protocol that manage short range wireless communication between devices

What is fragmentation?

Fragmentation is used to describe the way data is split up and stored at different physical locations on a disk

Features of the von neumann architecture include:

1. Fetch decode execute cycle

2. 1 ALU 2 CU 6 Registers (more than
   1 registers)

3. Data and instructions stored as binary in RAM

Fetch:

• Memory address of instructions to be fetched are stored in memory address register and sent down by address bus

• Instruction fetched by data bus

• Instruction stored in current instruction register

Decode

Instruction decoded by CU and turned into opcode and operand.

execute

• Opcode and operand executed upon in ALU, decisions made

• Result stored

SSD:

Solid State Drives - no moving parts, faster than HDD, more expensive, less capacity

Optical Storage:

CD, DVD, Blu Ray - has read only versions to distribute media, slower than SSD to write, cheap, susceptible to scratching, easy to transport, requires disk reader

Magnetic Storage:

Hard Drive, Floppy Disks, Tape - not as fast to write due to moving parts, high capacity capacity, cheap