Tools of Astronomy & The Sun

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31 Terms

1

Spectrum

Arrangement of visible light according to wavelength

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2

Sunspot

Dark areas on the surface of the Sun that are cooler than the surrounding area

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3

Solar Flare

Bright areas on the surface of the Sun that are violent eruptions of particles which increase the intensity of the solar wind

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4

Prominence

An arc of gases looping out from the surface of the Sun

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5

Solar Wind

Flow of charged particles moving from the Sun throughout the entire Solar System

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6

wavelength

Horizontal distance between successive peaks or troughs

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7

Electromagnetic spectrum

Classification of the many types of radiation based on wavelength and frequency

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8

Nuclear fusion

Process of hydrogen atoms joining together to form helium atoms releasing large amounts of energy

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9

Nuclear Fission

Processes of atoms of heavy elements such as Uranium splitting apart to form atoms of lighter elements

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10

sun

Closest star to Earth

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11

Light Year

Distance light travels in one year

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12

star

Glowing hot ball of gases in space fueled by nuclear fusion

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13

Revolution

Process of an object moving around another object; process of orbiting

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14

Doppler Effect

Apparent change in the wavelength and frequency of energy waves that are emitted from an object moving toward or away from the observer

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15

Aurora

Shimmering light in night sky caused by solar radiation exciting molecules in the atmosphere

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16

Neutron star

Massive and dense remaining core of a supernova

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17

Binary stars

A pair of stars that orbit their center of mass

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18

Luminosity

The amount of light emitted by an object per second

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19

Nuclear fusion

Process of lighter atoms joining together to form heavier atoms releasing large amounts of energy, most commonly hydrogen forming helium

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20

Cosmic Background Radiation

Energy thought to be left over from the original expansion of the universe approximately 13 billion years ago

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21

Galaxy

Large group of stars and nebulae held together by gravity

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22

protostar

Recently condensed nebula that will form a star as it continues to contract and increase in temperature

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23

Big Bang

Theory explaining the formation of the universe in a sudden and rapid expansion of all matter and energy from a single point of extremely high temperature and density about 13 billion years ago

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24

parallax

Apparent shift in position of a stationary object as seen by an observer from two different locations

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25

A light year

Distance light travels in one year

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26

Absolute Magnitude

How bright a star would be at the same given distance

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27

Apparent Magnitude

How bright a star appears from Earth

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28

Consolation

Groups of bright stars in the night sky that reminded ancient peoples of animals, common objects or mythological characters

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29

Nebula

Cloud of gas and dust in space

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30

Supernova

Brilliant explosion caused when a massive star implodes

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31

Black Hole

Extremely massive and dense remaining core of a supernova whose gravity is so strong even light can not escape

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