Ch. 11

How much of the genome do our different types of somatic cells share with each other?

100%

At one point, you were just an undifferentiated, single cell. You are now made of many cells; some of these cells function as liver cells, some as muscle cells, some as red blood cells, while others play different roles. What name is given to the process that is responsible for this?

cellular differentiation

Why is it that the cells in different body tissues have different functions?Why is it that the cells in different body tissues have different functions?

The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.

Operons function in prokaryotes to:

regulate the rate of transcription

What name is given to a unit of a bacterial chromosome that controls the expression of a specific set of genes?

operon

The function of the promoter of an operon is to: 

serve as a binding site for RNA polymerase to allow transcription to begin

Repressors physically block the binding of RNA polymerase (and therefore transcription) by attaching to:

operators

The lactose (lac) operon in the bacterium E. coli is usually kept in the "OFF' position, it is activated, or turned 'ON' in the presence of:

lactose

In general, the lactose (lac) operon: 

all choices are correct

Gene expression in eukaryotes seems to be regulated largely by:

controlling the transcription of genes

Which of the following is(are) a means (or level) of controlling eukaryotic gene expression?

requiring many protein factors in transcription

To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein, usually located in the:

plasma membrane

The cellular response of a signal transduction pathway designed to activate a transcription factor would be: 

the synthesis of mRNA

How do transcription factors, such as activators, turn on more than one eukaryotic gene at the same time?

Activators attach to enhancers

What name is given to genes that regulate the genes involved in determining patterns of anatomical development?

homeotic genes

The region of homeotic genes that is virtually identical in every eukaryotic organism is also called the: 

homeobox

Homeobox gene sequences:

The region of homeotic genes that is virtually identical in every eukaryotic organism is also called the: 

Using a cell taken from a multicellular organism to grow a genetically identical new organism is called:

cloning

Experiments involving _________________ have demonstrated that differentiated cells contain all of the genetic information found in undifferentiated cells.

nuclear transplantation

In frogs, when the nucleus of an intestinal cell of a tadpole is transferred to an egg whose nucleus has been removed (nuclear transplantation), some of the eggs will develop into normal tadpoles. This demonstrates: 

that differentiated cells have retained all of their genetic potential

The use of ______ holds promise for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's disease.

therapeutic cloning