third aba exam

extinction

withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced response resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of behavior

extinction as a procedure

the act of withholding the reinforcer

extinction as a process

the change in behavior

gradual decrease

extinction side effects

extinction bursts

spontaneous recovery

variability

emotional behavior

what is the difference between discriminative and non discriminative contingencies

the stimuli that serves as the SD and the s-delta

the consequence for the response that occurs in the presence of each stimulus

what is operant behavior

behavior that can be modified by consequences

how are MOs and SDs the same

both antecedents

both evoke behavior 

how are MOs and SDs different

MOs are related to value

SDs are related to availability

what is the difference between generalization and discrimination

generalization is responding the same way in different situations 

discrimination is responding differently when situations are different 

function

the effect on the environment that maintains the behavior 

specifically the reinforcers 

topography 

refers to the form of the behavior (hitting, kicking) 

why is a functional assessment conducted 

they seek to specifically identify the function of problem behavior which increases the likelihood of effective interventions  

what are the four categories of functions of problem behavior

social positive

social negative

automatic positive

automatic negative 

what are the three main types of functional assessment 

indirect assessment 

descriptive assessment 

functional analysis  

descriptive assessment

involve taking data in naturalistic conditions (the setting where the problem behavior occurs)

Include ABC Data collection 1) problem behavior 2) antecedents 3) consequences

advantages of indirect assessments

easy to conduct and not very time consuming

disadvantage of indirect assessments

the informants must rely on their memory of events

disadvantages of direct assessments

take more time and effort than indirect

don’t demonstrate a functional relationship but a correlation between the antecedents and consequences with the problem behavior 

functional analysis

exposing the person to EOs and potential reinforcers, only one that gives us data on reinforcement contingencies and involves a manipulation of variables

advantages of functional analysis

demonstrates a functional relationdip between the controllimg variables and the problem behavior

disadvantages of functional analysis

time, effort, and professional expertise needed to manipulate the antecedents and consequences and measure the resulting change in behavior 

How to use differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

reinforce the desirable behavior

extinction for the undesirable behavior 

when do we use DRO

when we want to decrease problematic behavior but we aren’t interested in teaching a specific alternative

how to implement DRO 

identify the problem behavior and determine function 

identify the initial DRO interval 

withhold the reinforcer for the problem behavior 

deliver the reinforcer at the end of every interval in which the problem behavior does not occur 

why is DRA prefered over DRO

DRA teaches a positive replacement behavior while DRO only stops the problem behavior without teaching what to do instead

DRA

reinforcement - goes to the replacement behavior

extinction - applies to the problem behavior

DRO

reinforcement - goes to any behavior except the problem behavior

extinction - applies to the problem behavior when it occurs