Intergumentary system

Integumentary System

Comprises skin, hair, nails, glands, and sensory receptors providing protection, sensation, and homeostasis

Epidermis

Outermost skin layer made of stratified squamous epithelial tissue, providing a barrier to the external environment.

Dermis

Layer beneath the epidermis, composed mainly of connective tissue, housing blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer beneath the skin, consisting of fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and cushioning.

Cutaneous Membrane

Another term for skin, consisting of the epidermis and dermis, serving as a protective barrier.

Accessory Structures

Includes hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, contributing to the skin's functions.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Type of epithelial tissue in the epidermis, consisting of multiple layers of flat cells.

Homeostasis

Process of maintaining stable internal conditions despite external changes, aided by the integumentary system.

Keratinocytes

Cells in the epidermis responsible for producing keratin, a protein that strengthens the skin.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, contributing to skin pigmentation and UV protection.

Sebaceous Glands

Oil-producing glands in the skin, helping to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.

Sweat Glands

Glands in the skin responsible for producing sweat, aiding in temperature regulation and waste excretion.

Sensory Receptors

Nerve endings in the skin that detect sensations such as touch, temperature, and pain.

Vitamin D Synthesis

Process initiated in the skin under UV light, crucial for bone health and calcium regulation.

Nonverbal Communication

Expression of emotions through facial expressions, facilitated by the skin and underlying muscles.

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?A) Protection B) Vitamin D synthesis C) Blood circulation D) Sensation

C) Blood circulation

Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system? A) Protection B) Sensation

C) Blood circulation D) Temperature regulation

C) Blood circulation

Which of the following is a function of the skin? A) Protection B) Blood circulation C) Digestion D)

Respiration

A) Protection

Which of the following best describes varicose veins? A) Enlarged veins due to valve failure B)

Small, broken capillaries C) Normal veins with increased blood flow D) Veins with reduced blood flow

A) Enlarged veins due to valve failure

What factors contribute to skin color?

Skin color is influenced by melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

Which of these is not one of the structures that comprises the outer ear? A) Auricle B) Tympanie membrane C) External auditory canal D) Cochlea

D) Cochlea

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following? A) Protection and sensation B) Insulation and energy storage C) Vitamin D synthesis and waste excretion D) Blood circulation and digestion

B) Insulation and energy storage

Which of the following hair structures serves as a storage for stem cells? A) Hair shaft B) Hair bulb

C) Hair follicle D) Hair root

B) Hair bulb

The synthesis of which vitamin begins in the skin?

Vitamin D

A nurse is shaving a male client's face. Which should the nurse do to ensure safety?

The nurse should use a clean razor and shave in the direction of hair growth.

How does the way skin cells reproduce help skin protect your body from invaders?

Skin cells reproduce rapidly, forming a protective barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body.

Which of the following statements accurately describes melanin's function? A) Provides structural support B) Protects against UV radiation C) Facilitates blood circulation D) Aids in digestion

B) Protects against UV radiation

Which nursing intervention is essential in caring for a client with compartment syndrome?

Monitor for signs of increased pressure and ensure timely surgical intervention if needed.

What does the term 'cutaneous' refer to?

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin? A) Blood circulation B) Protection C)

Digestion D) Respiration

B) Protection

Which of the following can cause contact dermatitis? A) Allergens B) UV light C) Excessive heat D)

Cold temperatures

A) Allergens

Which of the following describe functions of skin? A) Protection and sensation B) Digestion and respiration C) Blood circulation and digestion D) Respiration and sensation

A) Protection and sensation

What is keratinization?

Keratinization is the process by which keratinocytes produce keratin, hardening and waterproofing the skin.

Which is not a function of the integumentary system? A) Protection B) Sensation C) Blood circulation D) Temperature regulation

C) Blood circulation

What is keratinization and where does it occur?

Keratinization is the process of forming keratin in the epidermis, providing strength and waterproofing to the skin.

Which of the following options describes the term melanin? A) A protein that provides strength B) A pigment that gives skin its color C) A hormone that regulates growth D) A vitamin that aids digestion

B) A pigment that gives skin its color

Which of the following is not a function of sebum? A) Lubrication B) Waterproofing C) Vitamin D synthesis D) Antimicrobial action

C) Vitamin D synthesis

Which organ system protects the body and is composed of skin, hair, nails, and glands?

The integumentary system

What quick assessment technique should the nurse use to assess the percentage of burn injury?

The rule of nines

What is the function of melanocytes?

Melanocytes produce melanin, which protects against UV radiation.

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin? A) Protection B) Digestion C)

Respiration D) Blood circulation

A) Protection

When caring for a client after ear surgery, what is an important consideration?

What is an extreme form of ? perspiration due to rapid water loss from a burned skin area?

insensible

Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system: A) Synthesis of vitamin C, B) Protection, C) Maintenance of body temperature, D) Detection of sensations, E) Excretion of salts and wastes?

A) Synthesis of vitamin C (It synthesizes Vitamin D)

Which of the following is not an accessory structure: A) Dermis, B) Exocrine glands, C) Sweat glands, D) Hair follicles, E) Nails? (3)

A) Dermis (It is a primary layer of skin)

What layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin?

D) Reticular layer (of the dermis)

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

A) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Which epidermal layer is the most superficial?

E) Stratum corneu

What is the layer of epidermis where the most rapid cell division (mitosis) occurs?

Stratum basale

Which epidermal layer is tough, water-repellent, and contains dead squamous-shaped cells?

e. Stratum corneum

Which structure is an areolar connective tissue layer beneath the basement membrane?

Papillary layer

Which structure consists of projections of the dermis that cause epidermal ridges (e.g., fingerprints)?

Dermal papillae

Which is the translucent layer found in thick skin but absent in thin skin?

Stratum lucidum

Which epidermal layer appears to have thornlike projections in prepared slides (due to desmosomes)?

Stratum spinosum

Which is the thick dermal layer containing dense irregular connective tissue?

Reticular layer

Which epidermal layer contains visible granules?

Stratum granulosum

Arrange the epidermal layers of thick skin from outermost to innermost (Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale).

1. Stratum Corneum, 2. Stratum Lucidum, 3. Stratum Granulosum, 4. Stratum Spinosum, 5. Stratum Basale

What cells are the immune cells in the epidermis?

E) Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

Which epidermal cell defends the skin against microbes?

b. Langerhans cells

Which epidermal cell produces keratin?

a. Keratinocytes

Which epidermal cell produces the pigment melanin that shields cell nuclei from UV radiation?

c. Melanocytes

Which epidermal cell is associated with a sensory neuron and functions in sensation of touch?

d. Merkel cells

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within which stratum?

Stratum basale

Layers of living cells connected by abundant desmosomes form which stratum?

E) Stratum spinosum

What condition occurs due to a lack of melanin production?

A) Albinism

What structure represents a tactile disc/corpuscle (sensory cell) associated with the deep layers of the epidermis?

E) tactile corpuscles (or tactile discs/Merkel cells)

What pigment found in vegetables can make the skin appear orange or yellow?

D) carotene

Which glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty?

A) apocrine sweat

Which sudoriferous glands are located in axillary and genital areas and become active after puberty?

a. Apocrine sweat gland

Which sudoriferous glands deposit sweat onto epidermal ridges causing fingerprints?

c. Eccrine (Merocrine) sweat gland

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found on which body part?

D) on the palms of the hands

All are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it: E) produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

E) produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating." (This is characteristic of apocrine sweat.)

Which glands discharge an oily secretion (sebum) into hair follicles?

B) sebaceous

Which gland secretes sebum onto hair and skin?

o. Sebaceous gland

Earwax is produced by which type of gland?

A) ceruminous (a modified apocrine gland)

When the arrector pili muscles contract, what occurs?

B) "goose bumps" are formed.

Which muscle moves the hair shaft perpendicular to the skin, causing goosebumps?

Arrector pili muscle

What type of hair is fine, "velvet" hair that lacks pigment and covers much of the body surface

E) vellus

What is another term for Lanugo hairs, which exists primarily in fetuses?

also known as "peach fuzz"

What are coarse pigmented hairs called?

D) terminal hairs

The layer of hard keratin that acts as the surface of the hair is termed the...

A) cuticle

Arrange the layers of the hair follicle from outermost to innermost: 1. cortex, 2. root sheath, 3. glassy membrane, 4. medulla, 5. cuticle.

Root Sheath, Glassy Membrane, Cortex, Medulla, Cuticle)

Which connective tissue projection provides blood supply for the hair matrix?

n. Papilla of hair

Which part of the hair contains the matrix (where hair growth occurs)?

Hair bulb

Which part of the hair is within the dermis?

h. Hair root

Which part of the hair is in the epidermis and extending beyond the skin surface?

i. Hair shaft

What is the typical response if body temperature rises above normal?

E) Blood flow to the skin increases (vasodilation)

What part of the nail covers the nail bed?

A) nail body (or nail plate)

What is the thickened epithelial tissue at the proximal end of the nail body (where the nail plate meets the skin)?

c. Cuticle (or Eponychium)

What is the crescent-shaped area of the nail body near the cuticle?

k. Lunula

The cuticle around a nail is the…

D) eponychium

Which structure is the nail root?

m. Nail root (Part of nail within skin)

Which part of the nail overlies the nail bed?

l. Nail body

Which part of the nail extends beyond the digit?

e. Free edge

Which structure secures the nail to the digit?

j. Hyponychium

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is called...

E) melanoma

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a...

third-degree burn

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage (collagen bundles) has a tendency to...

C) closes and heals with relatively little scarring.

What is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight?

D) vitamin D