Protein Synthesis Honors Biology Flashcards

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Transcription

The process of copying the DNA code onto mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Translation

The process of using mRNA to build a protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Codon

A set of 3 mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

tRNA

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.

rRNA

Makes up the structure of the ribosome.

Splicing

The process of removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA, occurring in the nucleus.

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

How does tRNA function during translation?

tRNA matches its anticodon with mRNA codons, bringing the correct amino acid.

What happens at the ribosome during translation?

The ribosome forms peptide bonds between amino acids to create the protein.

What are exons and introns?

Exons are the expressed sequences in mRNA, while introns are non-coding regions removed during splicing.