Protein Synthesis Honors Biology Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Process

1. Transcription: The process of copying the DNA code onto mRNA. It occurs in the nucleus.

2. Translation: The process of using mRNA to build a protein at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

• Codon: A set of 3 mRNA nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.
  
  

• tRNA: Transfers amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon sequence.
  
  

• rRNA: Makes up the structure of the ribosome.
  
  

• Splicing: The process of removing introns and joining exons in pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA. It occurs in the nucleus. Introns are removed, exons stay in the nucleus and are expressed.
  
  

• Translation:
  
  

  • mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

  • tRNA matches its anticodon with mRNA codons, bringing the correct amino acid.

  • The ribosome forms peptide bonds between amino acids to create the protein.