Chem Functional Groups

Alkyl Halide

fluoro-

chloro-

bromo-

iodo-

Alcohol

-ol

-OH

Thiol

-thiol

Ether

e.g diethyl ether (use space and name left and right chain)

Epoxide

….(chain) [space] oxide

Thioether (sulphide)

[Chains] sulphide

-phenol

Phenol

Thiophenol

-thiophenol

-one

Ketone

replace -e with -al

Aldehyde

 replace -e with -oic acid

carboxylic acid

replace e- with -oate

Ester

Acid Chloride

-oyl chloride

Acid Anhydride

-oic anhydride

-amide

Amide

-amine

Amine

Azo compound

diazo-

Diazonium Salt

-diazonium-

Nitrile (cyanide)

cyano-

Nitro Compound

nitro-

Tollens and Benedicts

CHO —> COOH

HNO3

CHO —> COOH

CH2OH —> COOH

NaBH4

CHO —> CH2OH

What’s another name for predominant form?

Zwitter ion

pI formula (isoelectric point/net charge = 0)

What is the bond between amino acids?

Peptide bond (+H2O)

What are osazones?

Osazones are crystalline derivatives of monosaccharides, with sharp melting points, and are often used for identification of unknown sugars

What can lower a compounds boiling point?

• Branches chains

• Weaker intermolecular forces

What is the order of molecular strength? Weakest to Strongest

1. Van der Waals

2. Dipole-Dipole

3. Hydrogen bonding

4. Ionic bonding

What is the name and angle of 4 single bonds?

Tetrahedral, 109.5

What is the name and angle of 2 single and one double bond?

Trigonal planar, 120

What is the name and angle of one single and one triple bond or two doubles?

Linear, 180

Bent angle?

105

which direction is an alpha helix poly peptitde chain coiled?

clockwise with a 3.6 amino acids per turn

In an alpha helix is the N-H group parallel or perpenducular to the helix axis? What about the C=O

Parallel, parallel in the opposite direction

What type of bonding is found throughout an alpha helix?

Hydrogen bonding

In a beta helix sheet are the N-H and C=O groups parallel or perpendicular to the long axis of the sheet?

Perpendicular

What type of bonding in found in beta pleated sheets?

Hydrogen bonding

How are alpha and beta pleated sheets joined?

Through random coil (less defined)

What degree is the structure of the overall folding pattern and arrangement in space of all atoms in a single polypeptide chain?

3 Tertiary

What is the degree of a protein at its alpha helix?

Secondary

What is the food safety concern with traditional aboriginal food?

The long term affects on health and its affect on vuleranble ppl such as elderly pregnent and allergies

• Wasnt transcirbed so they dont have the evidence

Where are yam daisies found and how are they prepared? Whats good about them?

Southeast australia, first aerating the soil and burning for nutrients —> break up and put in grass bag and then in water to leach out toxins, high fibre low GI

What is Kakadu plum being used for now?

Cosmetics along side its high nutrients content

What part of the plant tends to be used medicinally?

Leaves