CSET Multiple Subject Subtest III Physical Education

Body Awareness

Recognition, identification, and differentiation of the location, movement and interrelationship between body parts. Awareness of body in space.

Space Awareness

refers to personal and shared space, and the body in relation to dimensions in space

Movement Exploration

young children. teacher is in control. teacher questions that require exploratory or creative movement responses

Proper follow through third grader throwing

As the trunk rotates, weight is completely shifted to the foot opposit the throwing side of the body

Target heart rate

The number 220 minus your age multiplied by 0.70 equals the target heart rate

Isometric exercises

Isolate specific muscle groups, produce strength in a short period of time, not comprehensive

Least impact on physical body type

Environment

20th century US moved away from....

Gymnastics and calisthenics

Proprioception

Body awareness

Exercises for body awareness

Shape, balance, quality, space, exploring

Locomotor skills

Skills used to move the body from one location to another: Jumping, skipping, galloping, sliding.

Jumping

Requires the body to leap with both feet and to land with both feet. Arms can be used to create upward momentum

Skipping

A series of step-hops completed with alternate feet, teach by taking a step and a small hop on the same foot and then shift

Galloping

As the lead foot steps forward, the back foot steps up to meet the lead foot, teach by holding hands in a circle and sliding to a beat

Sliding

Lead foot steps to the side, the other foot quickly follows done on the balls of the feet while shifting weight from the lead foot to the trailing foot

Nonlocomotor skills

Skills in whic the individual does not have to change location in order to practice an activity. Stretching, twisting, pushing.

Stretching

Movement carries body parts away from the body's center core and moves joints and muscles through a range of movements

Twisting

Rotation of a body part around its own long axis

Pushing

Controlled, forceful action performed against an oobject, moves the body away from the object while applying force

Throwing

Propelling an object into space, flexing the hip and moving the shoulder foward while extending the elbow

Catching

Using hands to stop a moving object which requires mature hand-eye coordination, and eventually reduce the size helping perception, and bouncing which teaches angles

Kicking

Striking action performed by the feet; punt kicking, place kicking, soccer kicking requiring an extension of the hip

Striking

An object is hit with an implement such as a bat, racket, hand involving movement of the body to create the force necessary to increase the speed of the object

Newton's law of motion

The force of the energy in the body causes changes in physical motion

Newton's first law

When an object in in motion, it will remain in motion until it meets and outside force.. Basketball backboard gravity

Newton's second law

Relationship between object's mass, acceleration, and applied force.. sit in chair try to shoot a hoop, stand and the ball can reach the hoop

Netwon's third law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction...bat and ball

Gravity

Center of the human body is the center of gravity of the point around which the mass of the body is equally distributed... during movement and exercise the body adjusts to maintain stability

Friction

Resistance of motion of two moving objects... ball on grass slower than asphalt

Daily recommendation of physical activity

60 minutes

Clavicle

Collar bone

Femur

Upper leg bone

Humerus

Upper arm bone

Patella

Knee cap

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Sternum

Breast bone

Tibia

Inner bone of the lower leg

Ulna and radius

Lower arm bones

Biceps

Top muscles of the upper arm

Deltoids

Shoulder muscles

Gastronomies

Calf muscles

Gluteus maximus

Buttock muscles

Hamstrings

Back thigh muscles

Quadriceps

Front muscels of the thigh

Triceps

Underneath muscles of the upper arm

Components of physical fitness

Muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, body composition, cardio-respiratory

Muscular strength

Amount of force exerted with muscles

Isotonic

Signs of movement (dynamic)

Endurance

The ability to sustain physical effort for long periods of time

Flexibility

Movement which joints and muscles move through a full range of motion, able to retain full range of movement, prevent injury, improve posture

Body composition

The proportion of body fat to lean body mass

Cardio-Respiratory

Aerobic, The ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to sustain work by delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body over time

Aerobic activity should include

a 20 minute activity at your target heart rate

Maximum heart rate

220 - age

Lower limit threshold

70% of your MHR

Upper limit threshold

85% of your MHR

Resting heart rate

Heart rate when standing still

Heart rate procedure

Count the beats for ten seconds using index finger and multiply the number of beats by six to equal your heart rate per minute

FITT

Frequency, intensity, time, type

Frequency

The number of sessions that the activity might take to achieve the desired results

Intensity

Provides an indication of how difficult the activity might be

Time

The duration of the activity is dependent on the intensity and type of activity

Type

Describes the mode of activity

All physcial edcucation instruction should (5)

Establish a safe environment, include class management, employ effective teaching behaviors, transfer learning, encourage practice

Components of Classroom Fitness Activity (5)

Warm-up, instructional component, physical activity, cool-down, discussion and evaluation

Peak growth spurt for boys

13-15 with as much as 3.5 inches per year

Peak growth spurt for girls

11-13 with as much as 3 inches per year

Self-responsibility

Promoting responsibility for one's self including self appraisal

Goal-setting

Setting and acheiving realistic, personal fitness goals including goals that are progressively more varied at different skill levels

Social interaction

Developing social interaction among students inculding communication, cooperation, encouraging and praising others, practicing respectful criticism, and accepting individual difference

Group interaction

Fostering social concepts of supportive learning as a group or team; working together to form group decisions, respecting the sport rules, and exhibiting good sportsmanship

Influences of social developmet appear in (3)

Team activities, self-responsibility, social intearaction

Beanbags are a fundamental manipulative tool for what age?

Early-primary

Beanbag activities reinforce what kind of abilities at the early-primary level?

Perceptual-motor abilities

Which perceptual-motor abilities do bean bag activities advance?

* Balance

* Hand-eye coordination

* Laterality

* Sensory perceptions

* Proper body imaging

Bean bag activities also promote:

* Kinesthetic awareness

* Sensory functioning in:

> vision

> hearing

> touch

Why are bean bags conducive to early primary exploration?

* Easy to manipulate

> Flexible

> Soft

> Greatly reduce fear factor in catching objects

Describe a bean bag activity for early primary.

* Throw bean bag over head and clap one's hands before catching bean bag

* Improves:

> Hand-eye coordination

> Laterality

An example for early primary combining locomotor and nonlocomotor activities:

* Balance bean bag on various body parts while body is in motion

List 2 examples of health-related fitness

* Cardiovascular fitness

* Body composition

List 2 examples of skill-related fitness

* Agility

* Balance

Health related fitness helps ensure an individual is able to ______ _____ in daily _____

function

effectively

tasks

The key to developing health-related fitness is:

physical activity

5 Elements of health-related fitness:

* Cardiovascular fitness

* Body composition

* Flexibility

* Muscular strength

* Endurance

Elements of skill-related fitness:

* Skills supporting a particular sport

* Some example skills are:

> agility

> balance

> coordination

> power

> speed

Health fitness is directly related to _____ and remediating the _____ aspects of _____

preventing

degenerative

disease

How is aerobic fitness related to overall health fitness?

* Aerobic fitness of proper duration, intensity & frequency can improve overall health fitness

* Improves:

> cardiovascular fitness

> oxygen intake

> strengthens heart

> lowers heart rate

> reduces blood pressure

Name some beneficial aerobic activities

* jogging, cycling, swimming, low-impact aerobic dancing

Why is jogging, for example, a good aerobic exercise?

* Continuous activity

* Can reach and maintain target heart rate

How often should aerobic activity be performed in order to achieve health fitness?

* At least 3 times/week

* 30 minutes or more each time

Aerobic exercise also improves ____, endurance, and decreases body ____.

strength

fat

What is the difference between skill-based warm-up activities and exercise activities?

* Skill-based warm-up activities

> Simulate game-like conditions during warm-up

* Exercise warm-up activities

> stretch specific muscle groups

Expand on the purpose of skill-based warm-up activities

* Improve skills

* Demonstrate knowledge of game-like situations

* Develop cooperative teamwork

* Improve personal skills

Drills during skill-based warm-up could reinforce:

* Basic mechanics used in soccer

> shooting, kicking, passing, trapping

* Team concepts, cooperation

Name 3 skill-based warm-up activities:

1. One-on-one shooting at goalie drills

2. Two-on-two parallel-passing drills

3. Heading-the-ball drills with a partner

Describe: one-on-one shooting at goalie drills

* Player dribbles ball toward goal and attempts to score against goalie

* Reinforces:

> dribbling w/instep & outside foot

> body control

> shooting off the dribble

Describe: two-on-two parallel-passing drills

* Two players run forward, next to each other, in a parallel path, passing the ball between them

* Reinforces:

> passing off the dribble

> receiving & trapping skills

Describe: Heading-the-ball drills

* Players practice heading the ball at each other

* Reinforces:

> directional accuracy

> heading & passing skills

Correct pull-up technique:

* Palms facing away from the body

* Swaying motion avoided

* Inward facing hand/sway aid exercise providing inaccurate measure of strength or endurance

Correct sit-up technique for upper primary (4th +):

* Hands placed on opposite shoulders

* Elbows in contact with chest

* Knees flexed, feet on floor