8 - Sample Surveys

Vocabulary flashcards from a lecture on sampling data, covering topics like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, multistage cluster sampling, quota sampling, convenient sampling, correction factor, confidence interval and bootstrapping.

Sample

A subset of the population used to estimate characteristics of the entire population.

Simple Random Sampling

A method of selecting a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

Stratified Sampling

A sampling technique where the population is divided into subgroups (strata) and samples are taken from each stratum.

Multistage Cluster Sampling

A sampling method that involves selecting samples in stages, often used when it is impractical to sample the entire population directly.

Quota Sampling

A non-probabilistic sampling technique where an interviewer collects data to reach a specific quota for different demographic groups.

Convenience Sampling

A non-probabilistic sampling technique where the sample is selected based on convenience and accessibility.

Correction Factor

A factor used to adjust the standard error when sampling without replacement to account for the reduced variability.

Confidence Interval

A range of values that is estimated to contain the true population parameter with a certain level of confidence.

Bootstrapping

A resampling technique used to estimate the distribution of a statistic by repeatedly sampling with replacement from the original sample.

Selection Bias

Occurs when the sample selected is not representative of the population, leading to skewed results.

Non-response Bias

Arises when a significant portion of the selected sample does not respond, and these non-respondents differ systematically from respondents.

Measurement Bias

Results from inaccuracies in data collection, such as poorly worded survey questions or faulty measurement instruments.

Parameter

A numerical value that describes a characteristic of the entire population.

Estimate

A statistical approximation of a population parameter based on sample data.

Interviewer Bias

When the interviewer has to make a choice of participants in the survey, or when characteristics of the interviewer have an effect ion the answer given by participants.