Studied by 4 people
Hn US History
Why were the English most successful in colonizing America?
They needed more land because England was over populating and England lacked of resources needed to thrive in the mercantilism system
What are the New England colonies?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire
Who founded MA Bay colony? What year was it established?
John Winthrop; 1630
What was the Founder of MA Bay Colonies vision for their society?
To create the ideal society (“City Upon a Hill”) through harsh laws and expectation of practicing strictly puritan religion.
Who was Roger Williams?
member of MA Bay colony until he was banned for his radical views
Established Rhode Island Colony
More Diverse and Freedom
Who was Thomas Hooker?
Left the MA Bay colony because he disagreed with their leadership
Established Connecticut Colony
Advocated for suffrage and treatment of Native Americans
Best relationship in New England colonies
Why was New Hampshire established?
It was made to be a fishing colony
Why did Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams get kicked out of MA Bay colony?
They were radicals who opposed taking land from the Natives and believed Massachusetts Bay colony hadn’t done enough to break from Anglican ways. Both banished by John Winthrop.
What and When was the Pequot War?
Pequot Tribe vs Puritans + two Pequot enemy tribes, 1636-38
Puritans raided Pequot tribe then Pequot raided them back
Furious Puritans burned down entire villages, even Pequot enemies were horrified by Puritans extreme measures
What was the Mayflower compact?
Agreement to create and abide by their own government, created on the Mayflower ship by the pilgrims
What was the Town Meeting?
It was a direct democracy est. in Northern Colonies
Typically only for church going men
Inspired by Mayflower Compact
What was King Phillip’s war?
Wampanoag tribe vs Northern English Settlements, 1675
Metacom led raids on English settlements and held the upper hand in the beginning
English settlers burned all of their crops, starving the tribe
English won and absorbed most of their land
Who was Metacom?
Chief of the Wampanoag tribes, aka King Philip to the English settlers
What were praying towns?
Towns where settlers would bring Native Americans to convert them to Christianity and European culture
most native Americans resisted these towns
It was a strategy to remove Native Americans from their land
What happened in the Salem Witch Trials?
New England government executed ~25 “witches” believing they caused death and illness upon their enemies, 1692
Convicting witches was only realized as madness once Elite family’s began getting accused
What were the Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Who were the Quakers?
Christians who believed in connecting to God on a personal level(“inner light”)
They were Pacifists which means they had peaceful relations with the Native Americans
Who was William Penn?
He was granted the land of Pennsylvania by the King of England (1680)
What are the Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?
1st representative democracy of the colonies
est. 1619 in VA
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Large rebellion of the lower class against the ruling elites
Lower class upset over tolerance of Native Americans and lack of representation in government
1675 in VA
Who was Governor Berkeley?
A British colonial governor who served during the Bacon Rebellion
Who was Lord Baltimore?
He was granted the Land of Maryland by the King of England and established it as a haven for Catholic refugees (1632)
What happened to the ships sent to Roanoke by Sir Walter Raleigh?
First group abandoned the settlement and the second one disappeared
Why was Roanoke considered uninhabitable?
Because it’s infertile soil and it was difficult to land ships in harbor
What were the cash crops of the south?
Tobacco(VA specifically) and Cotton
Why did slavery become race-based?
It was a strategy to split the lower class into two groups so they become less powerful, preventing future uprisings
Why was there a transition from indentured servitude to slavery?
Slaves and indentured servants originally had the same life expectancy, yet slaves cost more. Over time life expectancy increased so purchasing slaves became more attractive
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of disease, crops/food, and animals between the new and old world
What is mercantilism?
An economy based on striving for greater exports than imports
English motives for colonization:
Natural Resources and Land
What did the Virginia company do?
Group of investors who funded English settlements in Jamestown
Who was John Smith?
Lead role in establishing Jamestown
What was the first English settlement in the Americas?
Jamestown in 1607
Who was Powhatan?
Chief of Algonquian tribe, main contact for English colonists from Jamestown(1607-18)
What was the Starving time?
An era in Jamestown marked by disease, harsh winters, drought, poor harvest, and violent conflicts with Native Americans
What made the south perfect for agriculture?
The warm climate and mild winters plus fertile soil made
Who was John Rolfe?
He was credited for introducing marketable tobacco
Who were the pilgrims?
They were Puritan Separatists located in the Plymouth colony who wanted to fully separate from the Anglican Church
Who were the Puritans?
They only wanted to reform the Anglican church
Head right System:
Granted 50 acres of land to those who paid for their own passage or another persons to the colonies
Pacific Coast tribes adaption to environments:
Wooded forests provide resources to build long houses, canoes, and totem poles
Developed fishing and had social gathering
What were the Cahokia tribe (along Mississippian) river an example of?
Complex Native American society through their mound building and urban development
Great Plains tribes adaption to environment:
Nomadic tribes
Lived in teepees and hunted bisons
Rode horses
Lifestyle of Southwest tribes(Present day Mexico, Arizona..):
Leadership by priests and religious chiefs
Built irrigation because they were far from water
Used sand stone blocks and adobe to build home
What territory did the French own?
Everything along the Mississippi river and Appalachian mountains
Appalachian mountain is where English and French got in big conflicts over land
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