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What are the two layers of the skin?
Epidermis and dermis.
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
What is the role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?
They synthesize the fibrous protein keratin.
Which layer of the epidermis is the deepest?
Stratum basale.
What is the function of melanocytes?
They produce melanin, a pigment that protects DNA from UV radiation.
What is the main function of sweat glands?
To produce perspiration that cools the body.
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine and apocrine glands.
What is the primary structure of hair?
A filament of keratinized cells.
What are friction ridges?
Skin markings that aid in sensitivity to texture and ability to grasp.
What are the three concentric layers of hair from superficial to deep?
Cuticle, cortex, medulla.
What is the difference between hyponychium and eponychium?
Hyponychium secures the nail to the nail bed; eponychium is the cuticle.
What are the three types of skin cancer ranked from least to most dangerous?
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
What does the term 'cyanosis' refer to?
Blueness of the skin due to lack of oxygen.
What is the function of the hypodermis?
Energy storage, thermal insulation, connection to deeper tissue.
What pigment gives skin its reddish-yellow hue?
Pheomelanin.
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called?
Stratum corneum.
What type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis?
Areolar connective tissue.
What is the main role of the dermis?
To provide structure and support to the skin and house accessories such as glands and hair follicles.
What layer of skin is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
The dermis, via its blood supply and sweat glands.
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