Final Test

The Cold War

Not a physical fight but a coldness between nations

Yalta Conference

February 1945, sets the stage for the Cold war, right before FDR dies and the war ends, war ends in May and August of 1945, last meeting between FDR Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin to talk about post war Europe , Stalin wants Poland, we won't give him Poland but agree he can hold on to it for 2 years and then let the people decide what kind of government they want, but they never held any elections

Germany’s Split

After WWII we split Germany into 4 zones, 4 occupiers, Soviet Union US France and Britain, Stalin agrees and says he wants eastern Germany, we split Berlin into 4 zones

United Nations Treaty

The US becomes a member of the United Nations

Harry Truman

The 1st president to fight the Cold War, how do we fight them without fighting them

Containment Plan/Theory

George Kennan, first foreign expert on Communist Russia, says he knows a way to fight the Cold War, says we need to bolster the free world, helping other nations, and other nations would rely on us instead of the Communist, aid other nations who are fighting communist

Truman Doctrine

Implemented when the Soviets invaded into Greece and Turkey, the US will aid any free government who is resisting an armed minority, free = anti communist, we send money to help them fight the Soviets, Stalin is mad about it, we don't want communism to expand

Marshall Plan

The US is going to rebuild Western Europe, it's going to cost us 13 billion

1948 Berlin Air Lift

Soviets try to take Berlin, Truman says NO, Stalin blocks roads, so we start air lifting supplies in, no one wants a war, Stalin calls off the blockade after a year

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Formed right after the Soviet Union’s failed attempt to take over Berlin, an entangling alliance, if one of these nations is attacked it's as if all of the nations were attacked, the goal is to prevent war and contain communism

1949

China has fallen to the Communist, Mao Zedong head of the the Chinese Communist overthrows the Chinese anti-communist under Jiang Jieshi who is moved to Taiwan which was Formosa then, the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb

National Security Council (NSC) Document #68

US upping our Cold war strategy, the US builds up a larger military, we use more propaganda, more covert action, economic measures, US fighting them without actually fighting them, withdrawing economic aid, not helping countries who were talking to Stalin, the US ends up helping a lot of countries who have a free (anit-communist) governments who actually kill their own people

Korean War

We split Korea along the 38th parallel, we want to liberate Korea from the Japanese, Stalin wants to help, Stalin insist, Soviets helped the north and the US helped the south

Kim il Tsung

Over North Korea, Communist dictator

Synghaman Rhee

Over south Korea, non communist, tries to cozy up to the US, says “call me president Rhee”

Korea’s rejoining

South Korean leader tells the US I'm getting ready to reunite the Korea's and the US is saying NO don't do that, Truman wants to keep communism from spreading to the South

Korean War Begins

Both the North and the South send troops to the 38th parallel and fighting starts, Kim il Tsung comes over the 38th parallel, North Korea pushes the troops all the way down to Busan, the UN gets together and decided they are going to send the UN troops, headed by MacArthur

Inchon Invasion

Douglas MacArthur leads UN troops through inchon across Korea and forces North Korea back up above the 38th parallel, Truman is happy, MacArthur says I'm heading to the Yalu River

MacArthur goes to the Yalu River

When he gets to the river China floods over the river to help the North Koreans, they push MacArthur back to the 38th parallel, MacArthur is furious, he tells Truman he wants an all out war in Asia, Truman says no, MacArthur call Truman a coward and starts load caping him, so Truman fires him for insubordination

MacArthur fired

He gets fired, comes back to the US, everyone greeted him, he makes a big show about it, he gives a speachs, says old soldiers never die they just fade away, no one wanted him to be fired but they also didn't want to end up in a land war with Asia

1944, 1945, 1948 Presidents

FDR is elected for his last term in 1944, he dies, Truman becomes president in 1944, runs for reelection in 1948 and almost lost

Panmunjom

City North of the 38th parallel, holding negotiations, meeting everyday to try to end the conflict

1952 Election

The biggest issue during the election is Korea, Dewigh Eisenhower (ike) vs Adlai Stevenson, Eisenhower wins, says I will personally go to Korea and end the conflict, republicans get buttons that said “I like ike” and the Dems came out with buttons that said “were madly for Adli”

July 1953 Korea

Korea agrees to stay split at the 38th parallel

Dewigh Eisenhower

Says we should be able to coexist with the Soviets, made decisions with a cool head, very calm, he wants everyone to get along, 1st 4 years are great, Stalin is dead

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State

John Foster Dullas, dies of cancer during Eisenhower ‘s second administration, he's in charge of foreign affairs, says their are only 2 types of nations, good ones and bad ones, the good ones are the ones that emulate the behavior of the US, and the bad ones are the ones are the ones that emulate the Soviet Union, says neutral nations go to the bad side, if you can pick a side then you go with the bad side, it cemented a lot of the US relations, we needed to know who we could depend on

1956 Election

Dewigh Eisenhower vs Adlai Stevenson again, Eisenhower wins for the 2nd time, he suffers his second heart attack, Eisenhower says it's not a big deal, doctors say he's actually fine, Dems say this is the era of the drift

1957

Soviets launch the first satellite in orbit, Sputnik, Eisenhower pumps money into education for science and math, Eisenhower says it's not a big deal, VP Richard Nixon (tricky dick) goes to a trade show in Moscow

Moscow Annual Trade Show

Big party in Moscow where heads of state gather and drink vodka, countries can bring in a technical advance to show off, Richard Nixon shows up, Nixon compares a non electric Soviet kitchen to the fully electric American kitchen, Nikita Khrushchev was shocked and angry, Nixon cuts his trip short and heads home

Nikita Khrushchev

The dictator of the Communist Soviet Union, he meets up with Nixon and says he wants to come to the US, so we extend the offer and he comes to New Orleans, we found him funny and charming, Eisenhower says he would like to go to visit the Soviet Union but he doesn't go because we have a freeze in the Cold War

U-2 Incident

An American spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union, we had promised to not spy on them, May 1st 1960 Francis Gary Powers was captured by the Soviets, he was retired military, he would fly over the Soviets and get paid to take pictures, carried cyanide capsule to take in case he was ever captured and tortured, he doesn't take it, Powers says he was shot down, Soviets say he crashed, causes more tension, we traded him for some Russian spys that we had

1960 Election

Richard Nixon (Republican) vs John F Kennedy Junior (Dem), very close election, first election where candidates debate on TV, JFK Junior wins, JFK becomes more popular after he dies, JFK’s problems is that he was a Catholic and he was young

JFK Junior

Has a bunch of ideas be isn't getting a log of legislation passed because he didn't have a lot of support, but his VP LBJ does have a lot of support, JFK does get NASA (National Aeronautical Space Administration) off the ground, called his foreign policy the new frontier

Civil Rights Movement

1954 Plessy V Ferguson (separate but equal) was overturned Brown B Board of Education which says schools must desegregate with deliberate speed