Final Test

The Cold War

Not a physical fight but a coldness between nations

Yalta Conference

February 1945, sets the stage for the Cold war, right before FDR dies and the war ends, war ends in May and August of 1945, last meeting between FDR Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin to talk about post war Europe , Stalin wants Poland, we won't give him Poland but agree he can hold on to it for 2 years and then let the people decide what kind of government they want, but they never held any elections

Germany’s Split

After WWII we split Germany into 4 zones, 4 occupiers, Soviet Union US France and Britain, Stalin agrees and says he wants eastern Germany, we split Berlin into 4 zones

United Nations Treaty

The US becomes a member of the United Nations

Harry Truman

The 1st president to fight the Cold War, how do we fight them without fighting them

Containment Plan/Theory

George Kennan, first foreign expert on Communist Russia, says he knows a way to fight the Cold War, says we need to bolster the free world, helping other nations, and other nations would rely on us instead of the Communist, aid other nations who are fighting communist

Truman Doctrine

Implemented when the Soviets invaded into Greece and Turkey, the US will aid any free government who is resisting an armed minority, free = anti communist, we send money to help them fight the Soviets, Stalin is mad about it, we don't want communism to expand

Marshall Plan

The US is going to rebuild Western Europe, it's going to cost us 13 billion

1948 Berlin Air Lift

Soviets try to take Berlin, Truman says NO, Stalin blocks roads, so we start air lifting supplies in, no one wants a war, Stalin calls off the blockade after a year

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Formed right after the Soviet Union’s failed attempt to take over Berlin, an entangling alliance, if one of these nations is attacked it's as if all of the nations were attacked, the goal is to prevent war and contain communism

1949

China has fallen to the Communist, Mao Zedong head of the the Chinese Communist overthrows the Chinese anti-communist under Jiang Jieshi who is moved to Taiwan which was Formosa then, the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb

National Security Council (NSC) Document #68

US upping our Cold war strategy, the US builds up a larger military, we use more propaganda, more covert action, economic measures, US fighting them without actually fighting them, withdrawing economic aid, not helping countries who were talking to Stalin, the US ends up helping a lot of countries who have a free (anit-communist) governments who actually kill their own people

Korean War

We split Korea along the 38th parallel, we want to liberate Korea from the Japanese, Stalin wants to help, Stalin insist, Soviets helped the north and the US helped the south

Kim il Tsung

Over North Korea, Communist dictator

Synghaman Rhee

Over south Korea, non communist, tries to cozy up to the US, says “call me president Rhee”

Korea’s rejoining

South Korean leader tells the US I'm getting ready to reunite the Korea's and the US is saying NO don't do that, Truman wants to keep communism from spreading to the South

Korean War Begins

Both the North and the South send troops to the 38th parallel and fighting starts, Kim il Tsung comes over the 38th parallel, North Korea pushes the troops all the way down to Busan, the UN gets together and decided they are going to send the UN troops, headed by MacArthur

Inchon Invasion

Douglas MacArthur leads UN troops through inchon across Korea and forces North Korea back up above the 38th parallel, Truman is happy, MacArthur says I'm heading to the Yalu River

MacArthur goes to the Yalu River

When he gets to the river China floods over the river to help the North Koreans, they push MacArthur back to the 38th parallel, MacArthur is furious, he tells Truman he wants an all out war in Asia, Truman says no, MacArthur call Truman a coward and starts load caping him, so Truman fires him for insubordination

MacArthur fired

He gets fired, comes back to the US, everyone greeted him, he makes a big show about it, he gives a speachs, says old soldiers never die they just fade away, no one wanted him to be fired but they also didn't want to end up in a land war with Asia

1944, 1945, 1948 Presidents

FDR is elected for his last term in 1944, he dies, Truman becomes president in 1944, runs for reelection in 1948 and almost lost

Panmunjom

City North of the 38th parallel, holding negotiations, meeting everyday to try to end the conflict

1952 Election

The biggest issue during the election is Korea, Dewigh Eisenhower (ike) vs Adlai Stevenson, Eisenhower wins, says I will personally go to Korea and end the conflict, republicans get buttons that said “I like ike” and the Dems came out with buttons that said “were madly for Adli”

July 1953 Korea

Korea agrees to stay split at the 38th parallel

Dewigh Eisenhower

Says we should be able to coexist with the Soviets, made decisions with a cool head, very calm, he wants everyone to get along, 1st 4 years are great, Stalin is dead

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State

John Foster Dullas, dies of cancer during Eisenhower ‘s second administration, he's in charge of foreign affairs, says their are only 2 types of nations, good ones and bad ones, the good ones are the ones that emulate the behavior of the US, and the bad ones are the ones are the ones that emulate the Soviet Union, says neutral nations go to the bad side, if you can pick a side then you go with the bad side, it cemented a lot of the US relations, we needed to know who we could depend on

1956 Election

Dewigh Eisenhower vs Adlai Stevenson again, Eisenhower wins for the 2nd time, he suffers his second heart attack, Eisenhower says it's not a big deal, doctors say he's actually fine, Dems say this is the era of the drift

1957

Soviets launch the first satellite in orbit, Sputnik, Eisenhower pumps money into education for science and math, Eisenhower says it's not a big deal, VP Richard Nixon (tricky dick) goes to a trade show in Moscow

Moscow Annual Trade Show

Big party in Moscow where heads of state gather and drink vodka, countries can bring in a technical advance to show off, Richard Nixon shows up, Nixon compares a non electric Soviet kitchen to the fully electric American kitchen, Nikita Khrushchev was shocked and angry, Nixon cuts his trip short and heads home

Nikita Khrushchev

The dictator of the Communist Soviet Union, he meets up with Nixon and says he wants to come to the US, so we extend the offer and he comes to New Orleans, we found him funny and charming, Eisenhower says he would like to go to visit the Soviet Union but he doesn't go because we have a freeze in the Cold War

U-2 Incident

An American spy plane is shot down over the Soviet Union, we had promised to not spy on them, May 1st 1960 Francis Gary Powers was captured by the Soviets, he was retired military, he would fly over the Soviets and get paid to take pictures, carried cyanide capsule to take in case he was ever captured and tortured, he doesn't take it, Powers says he was shot down, Soviets say he crashed, causes more tension, we traded him for some Russian spys that we had

1960 Election

Richard Nixon (Republican) vs John F Kennedy Junior (Dem), very close election, first election where candidates debate on TV, JFK Junior wins, JFK becomes more popular after he dies, JFK’s problems is that he was a Catholic and he was young

JFK Junior

Has a bunch of ideas be isn't getting a log of legislation passed because he didn't have a lot of support, but his VP LBJ does have a lot of support, JFK does get NASA (National Aeronautical Space Administration) off the ground, called his foreign policy the new frontier

Civil Rights Movement

1954 Plessy V Ferguson (separate but equal) was overturned Brown B Board of Education which says schools must desegregate with deliberate speed, was overturned by Earl Warren

Thorgood Marshall

Lawyer for the NAACP, says Plessy V Ferguson is wrong, says even if everything is absolutely equal and separate, it's still discrimination

Little Rock Central High

Eisenhower had to get involved, they tried to integrate the school, the governor (Orville thawbis) of Arkansas called out the national guard to stop the black kids from registering for school, he defied the supreme court order, Eisenhower uses the guard to help the kids go to school

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks, involved in civil rights her whole life, bus rules said colors in the back, if the bus was full a black person would have to give up their seat for a white person, Rosa Parks works for a civil rights group, her feet were hurting, a white man walks up and tries to take her seat, she ignores him and refuses to move, bus driver pulls over and she is arrested

Martin Luther King Junior

Brand new to Montgomery, Young Reverend, studied under Gandhi, an advocate for civil rights, when Rosa Parks went to jail he got with church leaders and said we should start a bus boycott, The church elders said it was a good idea. You should do that, MLK Said I don't know if I'm the right person to start this kind of thing and the church Reverend said yeah you should do it ,so people stopped riding the buses, it's a non-violent approach but it's not going to stay that way, riots start to break out,

MLK’s Non-violent Civil Disobedience

We have the right to disobey a law if it is unjust but it has to be done in a non-violent way

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, co-founder MLK, they had sit wins and freedom rides, all non-violent protesting, embraces mural/non-violent civil disobedience

SNCC

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee, protesting, sit ins, young college students, black and white, maintain approach of non-violance

CORE

Congress Of Racial Equality, sit ins, know for freedom rides, black and white people couldn't travel together across state lines, had to do with run away slaves, a law that predated the civil war, the CORE (college students) would get together in a car (blacks and whites) and go back and forth across the state line

JFK Junior

Elected in 1960, dies in November 22 1963, started to see him and MLK openly corresponding with one another, was in Dallas trying to gain support for his civil rights bill but he didn't have a lot of support, after he died the bill was passed, he always more popular after he died

Desegregation of the University of Mississippi

James Meredith was an Air Force veteran, won a court order to attend the University of Mississippi, civil rights activist, on the day he has to start classes, the governor of Mississippi encourages white students to riot, Ross Barnett was the governor, JFK sends 500 federal Marshalls to help James go to class, cost tax payers 4 million dollars to make sure the court order wasn't defied

University of Alabama

2 girls won a court order to attend the University of Alabama, when they get there the governor of Alabama (George Wallace) is standing outside with a sign that says segregation forever, JFK sends in federal Marshalls, Wallace backs down

JFK Administration

Domestic affairs didn't get a lot passed, got NASA off the ground, foreign affairs, the peace core

Peace Core

College educated people who get sent to underdeveloped or 3rd world countries to help, teach the about medication, help with education, teach them to grow crops better, was designed to show the world how nice America is

Bay of Pigs Invasion

In Cuba, planned under Eisenhower and Allen Dullas (CIA Director), happens during JFK, the US wanted to overthrow Fidel Castro, it's a massive failure, Castro starts seizing American assets in Cuba, Castro becomes friends with the Soviets, Cuba turns Communist, Nikita Khrushchev cuts a deal says let me build some military bases there and I'll train your army, in case the US does anything, JFK tried to kill Castro, JFK sent over double agents to take him out, when Castro took over, a lot of people fled to the US, our plan was to train the anti-castro Cubans and drop them at the Bay of pigs so they can overthrow Castro, thought everyone else in Cuba would join to overthrow Castro, Allen Dullas told JFK it's wouldn't work, we need air support, JFK calls off air support lots of people due or end up in jail, the US pays 50 million to Castro to get the Anti-Castro Cubans out of jail, tells the UN if it would have been a success he would have a lot of friends

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuba builds missile launchers pointed a major US cities, Soviet Union is about to arm the missile launchers, the JFK says I'm not letting you are those launchers, the US blocks off Cuba and we tell the Soviets if you come past this line we will blow you out of the water, Soviet Union backs down

Eisenhower and JFK response policy

Eisenhower massive retaliation, anything you do will do a lot harder and faster, JFK flexible response, the punishment fits the crime

Nikita Khrushchev Berlin

Nikita Khrushchev wants to take Berlin, JFK says I will consider it an act of war, Nikita Khrushchev throws a fit, says it's like a bone in my throat, hates Berlin and hates Berlin

Nikita Khrushchev the wall

Builds the Berlin wall, right through the middle of the city, wall came down in 1989

JFK in Dallas November 22, 1963

Talking about civil rights, talking about running for reelection, gets assassinated, Lee Harvey Oswald killed him, Warren Commission headed by Earl Warren to prove it was just 1 bullet, Warren Report says it's not a conspiracy LBJ needed the country to heal

LBJ Administration

The great society, declaring war on poverty, most important piece of legislation is civil rights bill of 1964 (end segregation) and voting rights act of 1965 (gets rid of voting restrictions), KKK was formed and tries to stop African Americans from voting

Vietnam

In 1954 last French stronghold (dien Bien phu) fell, France is kicked out of their colony, big meeting Geneva Peace accords, we agreed to temporarily split Vietnam along the 17th parallel, in 2 years we let the people hold elections and let them decide what type of government they want, US goes South, Soviets go North, Ngo Dinh Diem calls off the election, people want to overthrow him because he's a crook who suppresses his own people, starts under Eisenhower inherited by JFK, JFK talked about pulling out of Vietnam weeks before he died, LBJ talks bad about Vietnam

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

The US can use any necessary measures to repel and armed attack against the US and her forces, two Vietnamese patrol boats attack an American ship in the Tonkin Gulf

Vietnam Northern Dictator

Communist Ho Chi Minh

Vietnam Southern Dictator

Anti-communist Ngo Dinh Diem, this is who the US helps

Tet offensive

Brought the North Vietnamese all the way into South Vietnam

Richard Nixon

Becomes president, want to remove American soldiers from Vietnam, but stepped up bombing