Crim Justice Ch6: Policing

Basic Purposes of Policing

1) Serve the Community
2) Enforce and support law
3) Investigate and apprehend offenders
4) Prevent Crime
5) Ensure peace and tranquility

Purpose of Law Enforcement/Police

• crime fighters

• support as well as enforcing the law

What did the NYPD develop?

CompStat; database that analyzes crime and police management using crime mapping

• indentifies crime hot spot

What is a Felony?

a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death

• ex: drug offenses, theft, DUI, etc…

What is a misdemeanor?

a more minor offense, less serious than a felony

• ex: trespassing, vandalism, petty theft, etc…

What is a Quality of Life offense?

minor, visible, nuisance-type violations that disrupt public order and community comfort

• ex: loitering, panhandling, public intoxication, littering, graffiti

Broken Window Model

based on the notion that urban decay in a neighborhood signals the laws are not being enforced

Core Operational Strategies of Policing

1) Preventive Patrol

2) Routine Incident Response

3) Emergency Response

4) Criminal Investigation

5) Problem Solving

Preventive Patrol

• deter crimes, interrupt crimes in progress, position officers for quick response, increase publics feelings of safety

What is the preliminary?

• make sure to help injured, secure crime scene + protect evidence

• determine need to investigative specialists

• compile thorough report of activities

CAPRA

Clients, Analyzed, Partnership, Response, Assess

SARA

Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment

Staff Operation

support roles (school main office)

Line Operation

field or supervisory activities related to daily police work (students/teachers)

Chain of Command

order of authority

• chief, captain, lieutenant, sergeant, cops

Span of Control

number of personnel or unit supervised

Police Management

Administrative activities that control, direct, and coordinate personnel, resources and activities

• police management may include sworn law enforcement personnel of civilians

Eras of Law Enforcement

political, reform, community

Political Era

Characterized by close ties between police and politicians, with officers often serving the interests of local political leaders to maintain order, resulting in high levels of corruption, lack of training, and brutality

Reform Era

Emerged as a reaction to corruption, focusing on professionalism, training, and objective law enforcement

• Key characteristics included the use of technology like police cars and radios, which increased distance between officers and the public

3 Policing Styles:

Watchman, Legalistic, and Service

PCR (Police Community Relations)

led police to focus an increasing positive police citizen interaction through police community relations programs

What do officers do most of their day?

non-emergency calls, controlling traffic, writing tickets

How do we prevent crime?

acting before crime happens

• the anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a crime risk and initiation of action to remove or reduce it

Terrorism Intelligence

police devote more time and resources to prepare for possible terrorist attacks and gathering intelligence

Community Era

Focused on building partnerships between police and the community to solve problems proactively

• This approach emphasizes decentralization, foot patrols, and addressing the root causes of crime through community engagement

Response Time

the time it takes for officers to respond to calls of service

• directly linked to citizens satisfaction

James Q Wilson

created the 3 different styles of policing

Community Policing

partnership between police and community

What is intelligence led policing?

use of criminal intelligence to guide policing

• more broadly focused than a single criminal investigation

How do police often get information on perpatrators?

informants; criminals who rat on other criminals

T OR FA: If response time to crimes is slow, citizens will be happy

FALSE

Terrorism’s Impact on Policing

police started devoting more time and resources to prepare for possible t3rrorist attacks and gathering intelligence

Watchman Style

• order maintenance

• uses police discretion, informal intervention

Legalistic Style

strict enforcement of the letter of the law

• may take hands off approach to non criminal disruptions

Service Style

the focus on meeting needs of community

• emphasizes helping over strict enforcement more likely to use community resources