Psychosocial Development and Learning Theories

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms related to psychosocial development and learning theories.

Parallel play

A type of play where children play alongside each other but do not interact.

Egocentrism

The inability to differentiate between one's own perspective and that of others.

Imaginary audience

A belief that others are as interested in one's behavior as oneself.

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Extinction

The gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES)

Various types of childhood trauma that can have long-term effects on health and behavior.

Achievement in adolescent development

The pursuit of success and accomplishment during adolescence.

Moratorium

A period of active exploration in identity formation during adolescence.

Counterconditioning

A behavioral therapy procedure that replaces an undesirable response to a stimulus with a desirable one.

Habituation

The process of becoming less responsive to a repeated stimulus over time.

Reinforcement schedules

Rules that determine how and when reinforcement is delivered.

Continuous reinforcement

A reinforcement schedule in which all correct responses are reinforced.

Variable ratio schedule

A reinforcement schedule where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.

Superstitious behavior

Behavior that is reinforced accidentally, leading to the belief that the behavior causes the outcome.