AP Human Geography Unit 4: Political Geography

Vocab

Nation state

A territory occupied by a particular ethnicity.

*cultural preservation

(Japan)

Multiethnic state

A state with more than one ethnicity (all states, some more than others)

Multinational state

A state with more than one ethnicity and traditons of self-determination.

Self-determination

The idea that an ethnicity has the right to govern themselves

City-state

Comprimises of town and countryside

Nationalism

Extreme loyalty to nationality country to the point of us vs them

*Nazi Germany and Japanese attitude towards immigrants

Nation

A large group of people with common culture and political unity. They desire to become a state

*Kurds

State

An area organized into a political unit (borders,government) with a well established government that is involved in internal and forgein affairs.

Sovereignty

Having the final/ultimate say in a given area

*the US as a whole

Multi state nation

One nation of people spread over more than one state

*Kurds

Irredentism

The nationalistic belief that a country´s territory should be annexed for ethnic/historical reasons.

Microstates

Tiny independent countries

*Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and The Vatican City

Colony

A country that is tied to a sovereign state.

*can control millitary, forgein/internal affairs, or all.

Colonialism

When a country directly establishes settlements in another country and imposes political, economic, anc cultural principles.

*Promote Christianity, extract resources, and establish power.

Geometric boundary

Straight line (human construct)

Physical boundary

features of nature

*mountain, lake

Cultural boundary

Follows distribution of cultural features such as religon, ethnicity, and language.

Compact state

Distance from center to boundary does not vary

*Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda

*beneficial for communication

Fragemented state

Several discontinuous pieces of territory

*Angola + states with offshore islands

causes problem regarding Integration and unity of people

Elongated state

Long, narrow, tail-like shape of a state

*Chile, Malawi, Gambia

*can cause internal communication issue due to isolation between capital and boundary

Prorupted

long projecting extenstion to otherwise compact state.

*DCR + Namibia

accessability to resources but defense and security issues

Preforated state

A state that is completly surrounded by another.

*Lesotho and Eswatini

causes dependancy issues

Landlocked state

A state with no direct outlet to the ocean due to being surrounded by other states.

*Lesotho and Eswatini

causes dependancy issues

Democracy

Citizens elect leaders, citizens can run for office, checks and balances

*Canada

Autocracy

Run according to interests of rulers and not people

*North Korea

Anocracy

Mix of autocracy and democracy

*Libya

Unitary state

Almost all power is in the hands of the central government.

*China

Federal state

Strong amounts of power is given to units of the local government within the country.

*USA

Gerrymandering

The redrawing of legislative boundaries to benefit the political party in power.

Define (1)

Location of boundary put into writing (through legal documents and treaties)

Delimitation (2)

Drawing of border (cartography)

Demarcate (3)

The physical representation of the boundary such as a sign or poster

Administrate (4)

How the boundary will be respected in terms of flow of people and goods.

Fortified boundary

Meant to keep people out (Mexico, US and Israel-Palestine)

Superimposed

Outside power established the boundary (tends to involve conflict and partition of India)

Relic Boundary

Doesn´t exist but still has affect on area (Berlin wall)

Consequent

Coincides with cultural divide (Israel-Palestine)

Antedecent

Existe prior to current cultural landscape (desert through Saudi Arabia and Yemen)

Subsequent

Boundary is created with changing cultural landscape (Vietnam/China)

Supranational organization

Where a group of countries gives up partially their sovereignty to a higher authority and goes beyond their national and individual governments and borders.