Protein Synthesis

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

mRNA

messanger ribonucleic acid

tRNA

transfer ribonucleic acid

what is a gene?

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building proteins, which determine an organism's traits.

what is the relationship between genes and proteins

Genes provide the instructions for synthesizing proteins, determining their sequence and function.

transcription

Transcription is the process by which a specific segment of DNA is copied into RNA, primarily messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis.

translation

Translation is the process by which the sequence of mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins, following the genetic code.

terminator

A sequence in DNA that signals the end of transcription, causing the RNA polymerase to release the newly synthesized RNA molecule.

promoter

A region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

what is a codon?

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during the translation process.