Teratogens

Accutane

Sever anomalies: CNS, ear, hearth, thymus

ACE Inhibitors

Renal anomalies/potter sequence, IUGR.

Critical period: 2 and 3T

Alcohol

Learning and behavioral differences, ptosis, short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum

Anti-convulsants

ONTDs, cleft lip palate, CHD, limbs, DD

Litium

Ebstein anomaly

Maternal Diabetes

Cuadal regression

Maternal PKU

microcephaly, heart defect, ID, IUGR

Mercury

Minimata disease (neurological disorder

Radiation (>5 rads)

Fetal malignancy, miscarriage, IUGR, ID

SSRIs

Temporary neonatal jitterness, irritability, respiratory distress

Thaloidomide

Limb reduction

All or nothin period

• Exposure during the first four weeks after fertilization will either cause failure to implant/early miscarriage due to cell damage OR won’t cause any developmental issues because organ hasn’t occurred yet

• Embryo implants in uterus in second week of pregnancy

What is the increased risk for birth defects in pregnant people with diabetes

around 3x

What is lithium used to treat

Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia

What is valporic acid used to treat

Anticolvulsant medication used for seizure disorders

What is Isotretinoin used for

Acutane for severe acne

What is thaliomide used for

Anti nausea medication perscribed in the 1950s , used in other countries to treat multiple myeloma

What is ACE inhibitors used for

High bp and heart failure

What are tetracyclines like doxycycline used for

antiobiotic to treat infection

What is warfarin

Blood thinner

• Bone deformities

• Fetal hemorrhage

• Abortion

• Opthalmolgic abnormalities

Tobacco/Cigarettes (nicotine)

Pre-term labor, IUGR, cleft/lip palate

Hypothermia (hot tubs, fever)

ONTDs

Obesity (Increased BMI)

Risk for neural tube defect, congenital cardiac anomalies and cleft lip palate