Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks

born from fiery volcanoes

ignis

it means “fire“ in Latin

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

• also called “Volcanic Rocks“

• molten rocks solidify at the surface

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

• also called “Plutonic Rocks“

• crystallizes beneath the surface

large crystals

formed from the slow cooling of magma

small crystals

formed from the fast cooling of magma

Silicon

2nd most abundant element

Phaneritic

• coarse grained

• large crystals; clearly visible

Aphanitic

• fine grained

• small crystals; can’t be seen by the eye

Porphyritic

mixed texture; large crystals are embedded

Glassy or Glossy

no visible crystals

Felsic

high silica content

Mafic

low silica content

Andesitic

moderate silica content

Ultramafic

very low silica content

Sedimentary Rocks

accumulation and compaction of sediments

Lithification

process where sediments turn to solid sedimentary rocks

Compaction

sediments accumulate; materials get compacted by the weight of the overlying layers

Detrital and Chemical

2 types of sedimentary rocks

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

• come from weathered rocks

• source is gravel or mud

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

source is chemicals

Metamorphic Rocks

• rocks get heated and squeezed

• the transformation of other rocks under extreme heat and pressure

Foliated

layered/banded

Layered

thin parallel sheets/layers

Banded

alternating light and dark mineral bands