HESI Biology - set 3

How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in meiosis?

23

How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in mitosis?

46

What helps the cell shape and cell to adapt?

cytoskeleton

What gives the cell the ability to move and proper?

microtubules

What is the main component of blood plasma?

water

What is the first step in metabolism of food to cellular energy?

glycolysis

What drives the cell/ pushes it forward?

propulsion

All humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?

23 pairs

The plasma membrane is made of/ composed of what?

lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

What organelle is responsible for packaging, processing, and shipping?

Golgi Apparatus

Plant cells have what organelle that functions as storage, waste disposal, and protection?

vacuoles

What is the site of cellular respiration? (eukaryotic cells)

mitochondria

What are plasma membranes mostly made of?

lipids

What is the magnification of an ocular lens on a microscope?

10x

What part of the microscope is the side going to be placed on?

stage

What holds the genetic code for each person?

DNA

What is DNA made of?

nucleotides

is the most important component of the cell, contributing to protection, communication, and the passage of substances into and out the cell.

The cellular membrane

the plasma membrane is made of how many phospholipid layers?

2

The mRNA strand is what DNA strand?

identical except T is replaced with U

How is oxygen transported through blood or body?

circulatory system

What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production?

endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

What is the intake of food through the cell membrane creating food vacuole?

phagocytosis

The bird's body and function of wings?

hereditary

What phase does replication take place in?

S phase

What are different versions of a gene? (variations)

alleles

is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells general energy during the process of aerobic respiration; it take place in the mitochondria

The Krebs Cycle

What kind of cells are in meiosis (sex cells)

gametes

What organelle pushes water out of the cell?

vacuoles (contractile)

What is an animal cell?

eukaryotic

Movement of ions and other molecular substances across cell membranes without the need of energy is

Passive transport

What is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?

osmosis

The expulsion or discharge of substances from the cell (removal)?

exocytosis

What does aerobic respiration require?

oxygen

Which movement requires carrier protein but no direct cellular energy?

Facilitated transport

Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?

Active transport

Plasmolysis is a term describing?

Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution

The movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration is called?

Active transport

Which particular structure is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Cell membrane

Plant cells differ from animal cells in?

The plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not

Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelle?

Prokaryotic cell

Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes referred to as a "suicide bag"

Lysosomes

Pinocytosis is the process of?

Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into the cell

The plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be ?

Selectively permeable

What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?

Microtubule and microfilaments

Which pair of organelles is responsible for energy supply to eukaryotic cells?

Chloroplast and mitochondria

With which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated?

Mitochondrion

The plasma membrane is soluble to?

Lipids

The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called?

The process whereby muscle cells produce lactic acid is called?

Fermentation

During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released?

36ATP

Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the?

Thylakoids

The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in?

Stroma

Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces?

More energy

Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production?

Chloroplast

An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called?

An enzyme

The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is?

Glycolysis

Glycolysis occurs in the?

Cytoplasm

For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the?

Mitochondrion

Codominance occurs when?

Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual

Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ?

2 diploid cells

Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ?

4 haploid cells

If you reproduce sexually, you produce gametes via?

Meiosis

If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via?

Mitosis

What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual?

Dominant

The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from?

The father

Cell division occurs most rapidly in?

Cancerous tissue

Which blood type would be a universal donor?

O-

Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ?

Osmosis

Which term includes all others?

Organism

The Krebs cycle produces?

CO2 and H2

The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity

Water

The basic structure of a cell membrane is a ?

Protein-impregnated phospholipid bilayer

Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are?

Lysosomes

Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are?

Proteins

The smallest known microorganisms are?

Viruses

The end product of protein metabolism is ?

Amino acids

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ?

Glucose

The substance basic to life is?

Proteins

The body obtains most of its nitrogen from?

Proteins

The basic unit of living organisms is ?

Cell

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as?

Osmosis

The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants is called?

Photosynthesis

A protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction is called?

Enzyme

The body's continual response to changes in the external and internal environment is called ?

Homeostasis

The ability of a cell to reproduce is called?

Mitosis

The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the?

Nucleus

Proteins are polymers of ?

Amino acids

In cellular metabolism glycolysis?

Does not require O2

Cellular proteins are synthesized in ?

Ribosomes

In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces two daughter cells is?

Cytokinesis

Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins known as?

Permeases

The cellular organelle where respiratory reactions for the release of energy occurs is a?

Mitochondrion

The most efficient cellular respiratory process, in terms of energy-yield per molecule of glucose, is?

Aerobic respiration

A cellular organelle found in typical plant cells but not in typical animal cells is the?

Chloroplast

Every cell contains?

A cell membrane and cytoplasm

The two organic substances present in chromosomes are?

Protein and nucleic acid

Genes may be defined as?

Functional segments of chromosomes

The dense mass of ribonucleic acid found within the nucleus is the?

Nucleolus

The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as a?

Series of membranes in the cell's cytoplasm