APUSH Chapter 29 - Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad

Election of 1912

Democrats - Woodrow Wilson. The Democrats had a strong progressive platform that called for stronger antirust laws, banking reform, and tariff reductions. Republicans - Taft.

New Nationalism

Since TR wasn't selected at the GOP nomination for president, he entered as a 3rd party and had New Nationalism be his platform in the 1912 election. New Nationalism campaigned for stronger control of trusts, woman suffrage, and programs of social welfare.

New Freedom

1912 Election, Woodrow Wilson (D)'s platform. favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets. Democrats shunned the social-welfare programs and supported the fragmentation of trusts.

"the triple wall of privilege"

President Wilson called for an "all-out war" on tariffs, banks, and trusts.

Underwood Tariff Bill

Passed in 1913, after Wilson convinced congress to pass it. It significantly reduced the tariff rates., It was also the first ever implementation of a graduated income tax on incomes $3000+ (See 16th Amendment)

16th Amendment

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

Federal Reserve Act.

a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply. Under this law, the Federal Reserve Board was created, which had its members appointed by the president. They oversaw the 12 regional Federal Reserve banks.

Federal Reserve Notes

paper currency issued by the fed that eventually replaced all other types of federal currency - issued by the Federal Reserve Board. Thus, the amount of money in circulation could be increased as needed for the requirements of business.

Federal Trade Commission Act of 191

Authorized a presidentially-appointed commission to oversee industries engaged in interstate commerce, such as the meatpackers. The commissioners were expected to crush monopolies at the source.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914

Strengthened the Sherman Act's list of business practices that were deemed objectionable.This law outlawed interlocking directorates (companies in which the same people served as directors), forbade policies that created monopolies, and made corporate officers responsible for antitrust violations. Benefitting labor, it declared that unions were not conspiracies in restraint of trade and outlawed the use of injunctions in labor disputes unless they were necessary to protect property. The significance of the event is that the labors were able to get power and they were able have some kind of voice because the monopoly in the nation was getting weaker.

Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916

made loans available to farmers at low rates of interest.

Warehouse Act of 1916

Authorized loans on the security of staple crops.

La Follette Seamen's Act of 1915

benefited sailors by requiring decent treatment and a living wage on American ships.

Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916

Gave assistance to federal civil-service employees during periods of disability.

Keating owen act 1916

Prohibited interstate commerce of goods made by children

Adamson Act of 1916

established an 8-hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce.

Louis D. Brandeis

the first Jew to be a Supreme Court justice nominated by President Wilson

What were Wilsons views on foreign policy?

President Wilson was an anti-imperialist and withdrew from aggressive foreign policy.

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty

(TR) , negotiations with Colombia, six mile strip of land in Panama, $10 million, US could dig canal without British involvement

Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912,

A Bill that was repealed in 1914 by Wilson.. The act was accused of being unfair to Britain because the US was exempt from all trading tolls but they weren't and

Jones Act 1916

granted Phillipines territorial status and promised independence as soon as stable government was achieved

What happened in Haiti in 1915? And what did Wilson do to protect them?

Political turmoil broke out -- Wilson dispatched marines to protect American lives and property. In 1916, he signed a treaty with Haiti providing for U.S. supervision of finances and the police.

How did Wilson expand the Caribbean holdings?

He purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917

What was happening in mexico under Wilson's presidency?

The Mexican Revolution in 1913 -- the president was murdered and replaced with General Victoriano Huerta. Many immigrants moved to America

Wilson initially didn't want to get involved with Mexico. What made Wilson decide to get involved with the Mexican revolution?

A small party of American sailors were accidentally captured by the Mexicans so Wilson ordered the navy to seize the Mexican port of Vera Cruz.

Venustiano Carranza

The successor of Huerta, President of Mexico after Huerta was overthrown

Francisco Villa

"Pancho villa" -- attempted to provoke a war between Mexico and the U.S by killing Americans. He was a rival of Carranza

General John J. Perishing

unsucessful campaign against pancho villa. Perishing was sent by Wilson to mexico to break up Villa's band of outlaws but then retreated once the US faced Germany as a threat for war

How did WWI start?

Franz Ferdinand, Archiduke and heir to the Austria-Hungary throne, was killed by Serbians while in Bosnia trying to strengthen their loyalty. An outraged Vienna government, backed by Germany, presented an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia, backed by Russia, refused to budge. Russia began to mobilize its army, alarming Germany on the east, and France confronted Germany on the west.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

What did President Wilson issue when there was a declaration of WWI?

A neutrality agreement, saying the US would not involve itself -- 1914

What was the American attitude towards Germany at the beginning WWI?

Most Americans were anti-Germany from the outset of the war. Kaiser Wilhelm II, the leader of Germany, seemed the embodiment of arrogant autocracy. Yet, the majority of Americans were against war.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe.

Explain the impact of WWI on American Industries at the beginning of the war

American industry prospered off trade with the Allies. Germany and the Central Powers protested American trading with the Allies, although America wasn't breaking the international neutrality laws -- Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but Britain prevented this trade by controlling the Atlantic Ocean by which Germany had to cross in order to trade with the U.S.

Lusitania

Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. It was a British Ship but had aboard 128 Americans, who were killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.

What was the "American" response after the sinking of Lusitania?

The american people demanded war but Wilson still didn't want to enter the war

Arabic

1915 -- The second British ship that Germany sunk

Sussex

The third French ship that Germany sunk

What did Wilson do after Germany sink the Sussex?

Wilson informed the Germans that unless they renounced the inhuman practice of sinking merchant ships without warning, he would break diplomatic relations, leading to war.

Election of 1916

Republicans chose Charles Evans Hughes.

Democrats chose Woodrow Wilson on an anti-war campaign. He won.