Second World War Test

Totalitarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Third Reich

The Third Republic of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 1945

S.A & S.S.

SA - military troopers of the Nazi Party SS- hitler's own elite private army

Rhineland

A region in Germany demilitarized by the Treaty of Versailles

Hitler violated the treaty and sent German troops there in 1936

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

Lend-Lease

Act giving supplies to allies for free

American First

political group organized to keep the U.S. from getting involved in Europe's war (Charles Lindburg)

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

Korematsu vs. U.S.

Supreme Court ruled that internment (confining) of Japanese Americans was justified->the country's need for protection against spies outweighed individual rights

Manhattan Project

the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

Victory Gardens

Gardens that citizens planted to raise their own vegetables, so that food could be sent to the troops

Battle of Stalingrad

Battle during which the Red Army forced the Germans out of Stalingrad

-hitler only wanted since it was named after Stalin

Battle of the Buldge

Last major battle of WWII, last Nazi offense

Battle of Midway

-U.S. naval victory over Japanese fleet

-It marked a turning point in World War II

Kamikazes

Japanese suicide pilots

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle"

-Influential book Written by Adolf Hitler describing his life and ideology

Fuhrer

Adolf Hitler's title in Nazi Germany: it means leader

Gestapo

Hitler's secret police

Munich Agreement

Gave Hitler his supposed "last territorial demand" (the Sudetenland) to avoid war

Battle of France

French and German war where Germany won. May 26-June 4 1940

Atlantic Charter

Declaration of principles issued by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in August 1941

Charles Lindberg

-endorsed america first -American pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

The "Big Three"

Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

War productions board

Regulated the production and allocation of materials and fuel during World War II

GI Bill

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

Europe's Soft Underbelly

Italy

VE Day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

Leapfrogging Campaign

-island hopping

-take not well defended islands and creep closer to Japan, also reclaim philippines

Battle of Okinawa

Allied victory over Japan on an island 350 miles from mainland Japan; March-June 1945

Hindenburg

President of Germany who died and was replaced by Hitler

Swastika

Nazi symbol

meant "good luck"

represented blood purity and caste system

Nuremberg Rallies

annual Nazi Party rallies between 1923 and 1938 held near Nuremberg Germany

Appeasement

Satisfying the demands of dissatisfied powers (Germany) in an effort to maintain peace and stability.

Miracle at Dunkirk

More than 300,000 troops were rescued from the harbor beaches by CIVILIANS in privately owned boats.

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Rape of Nanjing

considered worse than holocaust. Japanese conquest and destruction of the Chinese city of Nanjing in the 1930s.

EO #9066

FDR led to the incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II

Rosie the Riveter

symbol of American women who went to work in factories during the war

Trinity Test

America's secret testing of the atomic bomb in New Mexico in 1945

African Campaign

Essential in securing the Suez Canal and oil available in North Africa as well as Middle-East.

Italian Campaign

1943 Allied battles to recapture Europe from the south, through Sicily and Italy

Harry Truman

Became 33 president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Douglas MacArthur

American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.

Enola Gay

Airplane that dropped the first nuclear bomb on Hiroshima

Reichstag Fire Decree

Decree for the Protection of People and State

Night of the Long Knives (1934)

The arrest and murder of many of Hitler's political opponents

1936 Berlin Olympics

-showcased Germany as a powerful nation after WWI

-Nazi Propaganda

-human rights tension

Non-Aggression Pact

An agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another

Neutrality Acts

1939 laws designed to keep the United States out of future wars

Aryanism

The Nazi belief that Aryans are the superior race (white people)

Japanese Oil Embargo

-The U.S. cut off our oil trade with Japan so they would have limited resources.

-Reason for attack on Pearl Harbor.

FDR's Four Freedoms

1. Freedom of speech and expression

2. Freedom of religion

3. Freedom from want

4. Freedom from fear

Women's Auxiliary Corp

U.S. army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in noncombat positions.

Robert Oppenheimer

leader of Manhattan project

Operation Torch

Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from Novermber 1942 to September 1943

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

Battle of Coral Sea

A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.

Battle of Iwo Jima

lasted 6 weeks, several thousand marines, and more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were killed, this battle is also notable for the famous photograph of US marines lifting the American flag to a standpoint

Fat Man & Little Boy

two atomic bombs used against Japan

Enabling Act

enabled Hitler to get rid of the Reichstag parliament and pass laws without reference to parliament

Fasces

Roman symbol of authority

Anschluss

Union of Austria and Germany

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Cash & Carry

Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them

-elimnates war loans

Operation Barbarossa

Codename for Hitler's plan to invade the Soviet Union

Pearl Harbor

Base in hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which made America enter the war.

Japanese Internment

Japanese and Japanese Americans were placed in camps beginning in 1942; upheld by Korematsu v. US

Office on War Information

government agency that encouraged support of the war effort during WWII

Rationing at Home

set caps on households for gas,meat,sugar

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe then was elected to be Pres. of the USA

Operation Overlord

code name for D-Day

Port Moresby

Japanese viewed Port Moresby as a key point to launch aerial attacks on the northern part of Australia

-allies won

Mt. Suribachi

This is the highest point on Iwo Jima and is where five U.S. marines and one navy medic raised the American flag after Iwo Jima was taken away from the Japanese.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.

How did the financial strain caused by the Great Depression contribute to the rise of Nazism in Germany?

Hitler said that he would solve the unemployment

How did Hitler use the Reichstag Fire Decree and the Enabling Act to strengthen his political power?

transformed Hitler's government into a legal dictatorship and laid the groundwork for his totalitarian regime