nurs 113: sexual health and development

gender roles

societal norms for behavior

sex

biological; being male or female

sexually transmitted infections

STIs

sexually transmitted infections

infections spread through this form of contact

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual cramps

premenstrual syndrome

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

any of a complex of s/s experienced by some women in days immediately before menstruation

sexual harrassment

form of discrimination that includes unwelcome advances, requests for favors, other verbal/physical conduct

sexual assault

when someone either touches another person in a manner without consent or makes another person tought them in a manner without consent

rape

when someone didn’t give consent for sex to happen

dysfunctional intimate relationship

one characterized by patterns of unhealthy communication, imbalance, and self-destructive behaviors that prevent partners from meeting each other’s needs in a healthy way

negative intimate relationship

one marked by behaviors like control, manipulation, disrespect, and emotional or physical abuse, which are damaging to one’s self-esteem and overall well-being

sexual response cycle

difficulties experienced during any phase of sexual response cycle that prevent an individual from feeling satisfaction from sexual activity

low libido

decreased interest in sexual activity or desire

arousal disorders

conditions when there is a persistent difficulty in becoming sexually aroused, which can cause distress

orgasmic disorders

sexual dysfunction characterized by persistent or recurrent difficulty or inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate stimulation

older adults

fastest growing age group

older adults

by 2060, will be 24% of population

age distribution

proportion of people in different age groups within a population

age migration

movement of people across a specific boundary which directly affects distribution

life-span perspective

views human development as a lifelong process from contraception to death, emphasizing that it is multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary

aging in place

remaining in homes/communities rather than moving

age-friendly residency

homes and communities designed to support safety, independence, and well-being of people of all ages, particularly older adults

naturally occurring retirement community

NORC

naturally occurring retirement community

neighborhood/housing complex where a high proportion of residents are older adults, but not specifically designed for seniors

retirement community

residential setting designed for older adults that offer housing, social activities, and various services to support their needs

continuing care retirement community

CCRC

continuing care retirement community

provides a range of living options and a continuum of care services on one campus from independent living to skilled nursing and memory care

assisted living facilities

residential communities that provide housing, meals, and personal care assistance to seniors and adults with disabilities who need help with daily activities but do not require 24-hour nursing care

nursing home

private institution providing residential accommodations with healthcare

wear-and-tear theory

simple deterioration theory

wear-and-tear theory

proposes that aging is caused by a gradual accumulation of damage to cells and tissues over time

genetic theory

programmed by genes or caused by accumulation of genetic damage over time

cellular malfunction theory

aging is caused by accumulation of cellular damage and resulting decline in function, including cell sensecence and a loss of ability to divide and repair

autoimmune reaction theory

aging is caused by gradual failure to distinguish between “self” and “non-self” cells

65-74

young-old

75-84

middle-old

>85

oldest-old

chronic

most health problems in elderly are…

osteoporosis, vertebral compression fractures, joint degeneration

bone (musculoskeletal) changes due to aging

sarcopenia, decreased muscle fiber size/number, increased fat infiltration

muscle (musculoskeletal) changes due to aging

heart enlargement, artery stiffening, plaque accumulation, valve dysfunction

structural changes to cardiovascular system from age

decreased CO, decreased exercise capacity, increased arrhythmia risk, slower HR, weakened contractility

functional changes of cardiovascular system due to age

lost elasticity, muscle weakening, rib cage changing, increased dead space

age-related structural changes of respiratory system

decreased lung function tests, increased work of breathing, increased RTI risk, altered gas exchange, breathing pattern change

age-related functional changes to respiratory system

slowed motility, decreased fluid production, reduced absorption

age-related changes to GI system

thinner, less elastic, drier, wrinkling, sagging, fragility

age-related changes to integumentary system

decreased renal function, decreased bladder capacity, increased frequency, increased incontinence/UTI risk

age-related changes to genitourinary system

decreased brain volume/weight, slower nerve transmission, waste product buildup in nerve tissue

age-related changes to neural system

decreased sex hormones, growth hormones, muscle mass, bone density, altered sleep patterns

age-related changes to endocrine system

decreased senses

age-related changes to sensory perception

slower processing, difficulty w/ memory recall, decreased planning/organization

age-related changes to cognition

increased emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, caution, decreased extraversion

age-related changes to personality

disengagement theory

as individuals age, they gradually withdraw from social roles and relationships

activity theory

older adults can maintain a positive sense of well-being and life satisfaction by remaining active and engaged in social and physical environment

havighurst’s theory

successful aging is liked to maintaining social roles and activities after retirement

psychosocial development theory

aim to understand the social and psychological factors that influence how individuals experience and adapt to growing older

heart disease

one of leading causes of death; group of conditions affecting heart and blood vessels

cancer

one of the leading causes of death; group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that can invade and damage healthy tissues and organs

chronic lower respiratory disease

one of leading causes of death; group of lung conditions that cause long-term inflammation and damage to the airways and lungs

chronic lower respiratory disease

CLRD

stroke

one of leading causes of death; occurs when blood flow to brain is interrupted

alzheimer’s disease

one of leading causes of death; progressive and fatal brain disorder that causes memory loss, confusion, other cognitive decline

diabetes mellitus

one of leading causes of death; disease in which body’s ability to produce or respond to hormone insulin impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in blood/urine

accident

one of leading causes of death; unforseen, unintended, unexpected event

influenza

one of leading causes of death; contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses

pneumonia

one of leading causes of death'; infection of lungs causing inflammation of air sacs

intelligence

normally, memory declines, but this does not

young-old

interventions: regular aerobic physical activity, muscle-strengthening, balance-promoting, adapted physical

middle-old

interventions: health crisis may lead to decreased functional ability, encouragement, support, planned program of activity

oldest-old

interventions: supportive environment, modified adapted activity, nutrition, independence, cognitive function, illness prevention, communication, caregiver support