Physiology of Voltage and Concentration Gradients II

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the physiology of voltage and concentration gradients in cells, focusing on electrolytes, their equilibrium potentials, and related clinical implications.

What is the origin of sodium electrochemical equilibrium potentials in healthy tissues?

The sodium electrochemical equilibrium potentials originate from the concentration gradient and permeability of sodium in cellular membranes.

What governs the resting membrane potential of cells?

The resting membrane potential is governed by electrolyte permeabilities and concentrations.

What is metabolic acidosis and how does it relate to hyperkalemia?

Metabolic acidosis can lead to hyperkalemia due to the exchange of extracellular H+ for K+ which results in excessive K+ in plasma.

What can cause cardiac electrical imbalance in muscle tissues?

Rhabdomyolysis, or muscle crush injuries, can cause cardiac electrical imbalance due to excessive potassium release.

What is the relationship between ion channel permeability and membrane potential?

The cell membrane potential is controlled by the degree of ion permeability and the concentrations of ions.

What happens during hyperkalemia in regards to cardiac cells?

In hyperkalemia, excessive extracellular K+ can depolarize cardiac cells, making their electrical potential less negative.

What primary ion determines the resting membrane potential and why?

Potassium (K+) primarily determines the resting membrane potential due to its high permeability in the resting cell membrane.

How does the Na+/K+ ATPase influence ion gradients?

The Na+/K+ ATPase pump actively maintains the sodium and potassium gradients across the membrane.

What occurs at the electrochemical equilibrium potential of potassium?

At the electrochemical equilibrium potential of potassium, the concentration gradient of potassium balances the electrical gradient.

How does insulin affect potassium uptake into cells?

Insulin injection stimulates the Na+/K+ ATPase, enhancing the cellular uptake of potassium during acidosis.