Lab 1 BIO 371 TA

there are __ major brain regions

5

the largest region of the brain is the _____

telencephalon

the telencephalon is composed of:

right and left cerebral hemispheres

the right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected by

the corpus callosum

corpus callosum

a white matter structure composed of several million myelinated axons

the ______ makes up the majority of the cerebral hemispheres and is divided into four lobes

telencephalon

the telencephalon is divided into four lobes:

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

the surface of the ______ is highly folded to increase the total surface area of the brain without increasing its size

telencephalon

a crease in the surface of the brain and spinal cord is called a _____

sulcus

if the crease in the brain (sulcus) is very deep, then it is termed a _____

fissure

an elevated area between two sulci is termed a _____

gyrus

does every human being’s telencephalon surface get folded pretty much the same way?

yes

the sulci identified in this lab include:

central sulcus, sagittal fissure (sulcus), and lateral fissure (sulcus)

central sulcus

the anatomical landmark that seperates the frontal from the parietal lobe

precentral gyrus

the gyrus immediately anterior to the central gyrus

postcentral gyrus

the gyrus immediately posterior to the central gyrus

five major brain regions include:

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

the diencephalon consist of four areas:

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus, which can be seen from the medial surface of the brain?

thalamus, hypothalamus, and part of epithalamus

what portion of the epithalamus can be seen on the medial surface of the brain models?

pineal gland

the ______ is a small region that is also referred to as the midbrain

mesencephalon

on the anterior (ventral) surface of the mesencephalon are the two (right and left) ______ _______

cerebral peduncles

posteriorly (dorsally), two small “bumps” can be identified in each mesencephalon, the:

superior colliculus and inferior colliculus

the metencephalon contains the:

pons and cerebellum

cerebellum

a complex structure that has the responsibility of monitoring and coordinating muscles during muscular activity

the cerebellum contains two large:

cerebellar hemispheres

the cerebellar hemispheres in the cerebellum sandwich the narrow midline structure between them, called the ____

vermis

inferior. to the metencephalon is the ______

myelencephalon

the myelencephalon is composed of the:

medulla oblongata

on the anterior (ventral) surface of the myelencephalon are the two (right and left) _____

pyramids

CN I

olfactory n.

CN II

optic n.

CN III

oculomotor n.

CN IV

Trochlear n.

CN V

trigeminal n.

CN VI

abducens n.

CN VII

facial n.

CN VIII

vestibulocochear n.

CN IX

glossopharyngeal n.

CN X

vagus n.

CN XI

spinal accessory n.

CN XII

hypoglossal n.

spinal nerves:

spinal nerve C1 and spinal nerve C2

the _____ _____ is the large separation between the two cerebral hemispheres

sagittal fissure

the _____ _____ is the white matter connector between the two hemispheres

corpus callosum

the ____ ____ seperates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes

lateral fissure

the ____ ____ is the outer cellular layer of the cerebral hemispheres

cerebral cortex

what is found in the cerebral cortex?

approximately 10-14 billion well-connected neuron cell bodies

what functions are the neuron cell bodies found in the cerebral cortex responsible for?

thinking, become consciously aware of sensations, analyze them, and where contraction on skeletal muscle is initiated, have ideas, and generate emotions

the ___ ___ and the ___ ___ are involved in coordination of skeletal muscle activity

caudate nucleus and basal nuclei

the lateral and third ventricles are spaces within the cerebral hemispheres which are filled with:

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

choroid plexus

a plexus of modified blood vessels whose functions is to generate CSF

thalamus

a collection of approximately 30 nuclei that function in relaying sensory and motor function

gray matter components of the spinal cord:

dorsal gray horn (DGH), ventral gray horn (VGH), and lateral gray horn (LGH)

white matter components on spinal cord models:

dorsal white matter (posterior funiculus), ventral white matter (anterior funiculus), lateral white matter (lateral funiculus)

sulci, fissures, and canals on spinal cord models:

dorsal median sulcus, ventral median fissure, central canal

spinal nerve components on spinal cord models:

dorsal roots (rootlets), dorsal root ganglion, ventral root (rootlets), spinal nerve proper

there are various types of muscles and ligaments attached to the transverse and spinous processes which are used in:

posture and keeping the neck and torso in an erect position

the superior and inferior articular processes form:

synovial (diarthrotic) joints with one another which allows some limited movement between adjacent vertebrae

between the bodies of two vertebrae is an _____ ___ that forms a cartilaginous joint that also allows limited movement between adjacent vertebrae

intervertebral disc

the spinal cord is located within the:

vertebral foramen

spinal nerves emerge through the:

intervertebral foramina