4A QUiz #2

Conformity

adjusting one's behavior to line up with a group's unspoken rules, norms, and expectations

Obedience

following direct commands usually from an authority figures

Individualistic culture

culture that places value on the individual (ex: many European societies, USA)

Collectivist culture

culture that places value on the group (society, family, etc) (many Asian societies)

Multiculturalism

the idea that multiple cultures can coexist in a society, and that the majority and minority groups should actively support these cultural differences.

Group polarization

the phenomenon in which group interaction reinforces the majority's point of view and shifts that view to a more extreme position

Groupthink

Faulty decision-making that occurs when a highly cohesive group tries to stay in agreement and avoids critical thinking

Social loafing

tendency for people to exert less effort in a group than when they are individually accountable

Deindividuation

the loss of self restraint when group members fell anonymous, being in a crowd reduced guilt and self-awareness

Diffusion of responsibility

the phenomenon such that when there are multiple people present, each individual feels less responsible for the situation

Social facilitation

performing in front of a group causes well-known tasks to be done better than performing them alone

False consensus effect

People often overestimate the extent to which others agree with them

Superordinate goal

a goal that requires people of different backgrounds to work together, reducing stereotyping and negative attitudes towards each other

Social trap

a situation in which people acting in their own self interest cause the entire group to be worse off

Industrial

organizational (I/O) psychologists

Prosocial behavior

behavior that benefits other people

Altruism

unselfish actions that benefit others

Social reciprocity norm

the unwritten rule that if people do something nice for you, you feel obligated to do something nice in return

Social responsibility norm

the unwritten rule that one should assist those in need (esp. vulnerable groups such as children or the elderly) when possible

Bystander effect

The more people witness a negative event, the less likely they are to help a person in need.