Global 9 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity Test

Study Guide term and defintion

Geography of Ancient Rome and Its influence on development

The geographical features of Rome include its location on the Tiber River, seven hills, and proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, which facilitated trade and military expansion.

Etruscans, Greeks, Latins

3 cultures influenced Rome greatly, Latins built wooden huts atop the Palatine Hill. Greeks established colonies along southern italy and sicily and they brought the alphabet, art, literature, and religon. Etruscans were skilled in metalworking, influenced Roman architecture and governance. And traded with Phonecian city states

Republic

A form of government in which power rests with elected representatives and an elected leader, rather than a monarch.

Patrician

held some political power and were wealthy landowners.

Plebians

commoners in ancient Rome, including farmers, artisans, and merchants, who had limited political rights compared to patricians.

12 tables

The earliest codification of Roman law, created around 450 BCE, which established legal standards and rights for both patricians and plebeians.

Consul

Two men who shared power in the Roman Republic, serving as the highest elected officials and military leaders.

Senate

Made up of landowning men from the patrician class, suggested laws and politics to consuls.

Dictator

A temporary position in the Roman Republic, held by a single individual during times of crisis, granting them absolute power to make decisions swiftly.

Leigon

A large unit of the Roman army, typically consisting of around 5,000 soldiers, which was further divided into smaller groups for tactical purposes.

Punic Wars causes and results

The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage primarily over control of trade routes and territorial expansion. The conflicts resulted in Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean and the eventual destruction of Carthage.

Hannibal

A Carthaginian general known for his strategic military tactics during the Second Punic War, famously leading his army, including war elephants, across the Alps to invade Italy.

Julius Cesar

The famous dictator who became a dictator by marching his army to Rome and killed all generals who support the republic. Was originally a solider in the army

Triumvirate

A political alliance of three powerful leaders in Rome, notably the First Triumvirate consisting of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, which helped them consolidate power and influence.

Augustus

Was Octavian but changed his name to that after becoming the first Roman emperor, marking the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.

Civil Service

A system of government employees who are hired based on merit to administer public services and implement policies.

Pax Romana

The golden age of the Roman empire, Achivements: The Partheon, Roman Sculptures, Mosaics, Philsopher Cicero, aqueducts, Roman concrete

Hadrian’s Wall

Border of scotland and England

Slavery

Some slaves were put in the arena and were to fight to the death for entertainment, they were called gladiators. chariot races, and some were put to work making the colosseum,

Jesus

Founded chrisianity

diaspora

relocation of jews from juerslaem and moving them to different places around europe

Paul

Was approached by reserceted jesus and started spreading christianity and was blind for 3 days.

Edict of Milan

Constatine put this to make christianity legal

Edict of Thessalonica

Made christianity the sole religon

Nicene Creed

Defined the basics of christianity and its church to the roman empire

1st Pope

Was peter

The new testament

The christian version of the bible

Beliefs of christianity

Jesus is the messiah, christmas was when jesus was born, easter is when jesus was resurected

Constatines impact on christianity

He made it legal to practice

Who spit the roman empire into the east and west

Emporer Diocletian

Emporer Diocletian

He split the Empire in two halves based on language (Greek= East, Latin= West

Moving Rome to Constanople

Constatine moved this capital to Byzantium

Atilla the Hun

Led his Germanic troops and attacked rome and its empire causing the immeadiate collapse.

Greco-Roman Culture

The blending (DIFFUSION) of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures

Fine Arts

Mosaics(glass), fresco (paint), bas relief

Latin

Was the language used primarily of the romans

Roman Law

Everyone treated equal, innocent until proven guilty, consequences for actions and not thoughts

Roman Alphabet and Calender

The alphabet was created during this time and the roman calender started in march.

Architecture

the arch, dome and concrete influenced many other countries. They also perfected road building