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Study Guide term and defintion
Geography of Ancient Rome and Its influence on development
The geographical features of Rome include its location on the Tiber River, seven hills, and proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, which facilitated trade and military expansion.
Etruscans, Greeks, Latins
3 cultures influenced Rome greatly, Latins built wooden huts atop the Palatine Hill. Greeks established colonies along southern italy and sicily and they brought the alphabet, art, literature, and religon. Etruscans were skilled in metalworking, influenced Roman architecture and governance. And traded with Phonecian city states
Republic
A form of government in which power rests with elected representatives and an elected leader, rather than a monarch.
Patrician
held some political power and were wealthy landowners.
Plebians
commoners in ancient Rome, including farmers, artisans, and merchants, who had limited political rights compared to patricians.
12 tables
The earliest codification of Roman law, created around 450 BCE, which established legal standards and rights for both patricians and plebeians.
Consul
Two men who shared power in the Roman Republic, serving as the highest elected officials and military leaders.
Senate
Made up of landowning men from the patrician class, suggested laws and politics to consuls.
Dictator
A temporary position in the Roman Republic, held by a single individual during times of crisis, granting them absolute power to make decisions swiftly.
Leigon
A large unit of the Roman army, typically consisting of around 5,000 soldiers, which was further divided into smaller groups for tactical purposes.
Punic Wars causes and results
The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and Carthage primarily over control of trade routes and territorial expansion. The conflicts resulted in Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean and the eventual destruction of Carthage.
Hannibal
A Carthaginian general known for his strategic military tactics during the Second Punic War, famously leading his army, including war elephants, across the Alps to invade Italy.
Julius Cesar
The famous dictator who became a dictator by marching his army to Rome and killed all generals who support the republic. Was originally a solider in the army
Triumvirate
A political alliance of three powerful leaders in Rome, notably the First Triumvirate consisting of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus, which helped them consolidate power and influence.
Augustus
Was Octavian but changed his name to that after becoming the first Roman emperor, marking the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire.
Civil Service
A system of government employees who are hired based on merit to administer public services and implement policies.
Pax Romana
The golden age of the Roman empire, Achivements: The Partheon, Roman Sculptures, Mosaics, Philsopher Cicero, aqueducts, Roman concrete
Hadrian’s Wall
Border of scotland and England
Slavery
Some slaves were put in the arena and were to fight to the death for entertainment, they were called gladiators. chariot races, and some were put to work making the colosseum,
Jesus
Founded chrisianity
diaspora
relocation of jews from juerslaem and moving them to different places around europe
Paul
Was approached by reserceted jesus and started spreading christianity and was blind for 3 days.
Edict of Milan
Constatine put this to make christianity legal
Edict of Thessalonica
Made christianity the sole religon
Nicene Creed
Defined the basics of christianity and its church to the roman empire
1st Pope
Was peter
The new testament
The christian version of the bible
Beliefs of christianity
Jesus is the messiah, christmas was when jesus was born, easter is when jesus was resurected
Constatines impact on christianity
He made it legal to practice
Who spit the roman empire into the east and west
Emporer Diocletian
Emporer Diocletian
He split the Empire in two halves based on language (Greek= East, Latin= West
Moving Rome to Constanople
Constatine moved this capital to Byzantium
Atilla the Hun
Led his Germanic troops and attacked rome and its empire causing the immeadiate collapse.
Greco-Roman Culture
The blending (DIFFUSION) of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures
Fine Arts
Mosaics(glass), fresco (paint), bas relief
Latin
Was the language used primarily of the romans
Roman Law
Everyone treated equal, innocent until proven guilty, consequences for actions and not thoughts
Roman Alphabet and Calender
The alphabet was created during this time and the roman calender started in march.
Architecture
the arch, dome and concrete influenced many other countries. They also perfected road building
Note 
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