Abdominal Cavity

Which region is #1?

Right hypochondriac

Which region is #2?

Epigastric

Which region is #3?

Left hypochondriac

Which region is #4?

Right lumbar region

Which region is #5?

Umbilical region

Which region is #6?

Left lumbar region

Which region is #7?

Right iliac (inguinal) region

Which region is #8?

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Which region is #9?

Left iliac (inguinal) region

Which quadrant is #1?

Right upper quadrant

Which quadrant is #2?

Left upper quadrant

Which quadrant is #3?

Right lower quadrant

Which quadrant is #4?

Left lower quadrant

Organs in RUQ (Picture)

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Large intestine

• Small intestine

Organs in LUQ (Picture)

• Stomach

• Spleen

Organs in RLQ (Picture)

Appendix

Organs in LLQ (Picture)

Urinary bladder

Organs in Epigastric Region (Picture)

• Liver

• Stomach

Organs in Left Hypochondriac Region (Picture)

Spleen

Organs in Umbilical Region (Picture)

• Gallbladder

• Large intestine

• Small intestine

Organs in Hypogastric (Pubic) Region (Picture)

• Appendix

• Urinary Bladder

Organs in RUQ (Specific)

Most of liver and gallbladder

Organs in LUQ (Specific)

Most of stomach and spleen

Organs in RLQ (Specific)

Cecum, appendix, right ureter, right ovary, right spermatic cord

Organs in LLQ (Specific)

Left ureter, left ovary, left spermatic cord

Two main divisions of body cavity?

• Dorsal (posterior)

• Ventral (anterior)

Structures found in Dorsal Cavity

• Cranial cavity

• Vertebral cavity

What does the cranial cavity contain?

Brain

What does the vertebral cavity contan?

Spinal cord

Structures found in Ventral Cavity

• Thoracic Cavity

• Abdominopelvic cavity

Components of Thoracic Cavity

• Mediastinum (Pericardial Cavity → Heart)

• Pleural Cavities (Lungs)

Components of Abdominopelvic Cavity

• Abdominal Cavity

• Pelvic Cavity

What type of membrane lines the dorsal cavity?

Meninges

What are the serous membranes of the thorax?

Pleura and Pericardium

What serous membrane is found in the abdomen?

Peritoneum

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

• Parietal (lines cavity walls)

• Visceral (covers organs)

What structures make up the peritoneum’s visceral layer?

• Greater omentum

• Lesser omentum

What is the greater omentum?

Double layer visceral peritoneal fold

Where does greater omentum hang down from?

Greater curvature of stomach

What does the greater omentum connect?

With transverse colon, spleen, and diaphragm

What does the greater omentum typically extend to?

Pelvis

What does the greater omentum house?

Extraperitoneal fat

What does the lesser omentum connect?

Connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver

What is the lesser omentum directly associated with?

Portal triad

What structures make up the parietal layer?

• Mesentery

• Mesocolon

Mesentery Function

• Anchors intestines to wall

• Houses vessels to intestines

Mesocolon Function

• Anchors colon to wall

• Houses vessels to colon

Retroperitoneal Structures

SADPUCKER

• Suprarenal glands

• Abdominal aorta/IVC

• Duodenum (2nd and 3rd segment)

• Pancreas (except tail)

• Ureters

• Colon (ascending and descending)

• Kidneys

• Esophagus

• Rectum

What are peritoneal ligaments?

Double layer of peritoneum that connects organs to organs or to the abdominal wall

What are the 4 peritoneal ligaments off the liver?

• Falciform

• Hepataduodenal

• Hepatogastric

• Heptorenal

Falciform Ligament

Connects liver to anterior abdominal wall

Hepatogastric Ligament

Membranous part of lesser omentum

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Free edge of lesser omentum, contains portal triad

Portal Triad

Portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct

Hepatorenal Ligament

Connect liver to area around kidneys

What 2 peritoneal ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

• Hepatogastric: membranous portion

• Hepatoduodenal: free edge

What are the 3 peritoneal ligaments off the stomach?

• Gastrophrenic

• Gastrospleic

• Gastrocolic

Peritoneal ligaments off the stomach are part of what?

Continuous attachment to greater curvature and are part of greater omentum

Gastrophrenic Ligament

To inferior diaphragm

Gastrosplenic Ligament

Covers hilum of spleen

Gastrocolic Ligament

To transverse colon

2 Main Subdivisions of Peritoneal Cavity

• Greater sac (larger main compartment)

• Lesser sac (omental bursa)

What is the function of the omental bursa?

Extensive sac-like cavity that allows smooth movement of stomach against posterior structures

Where is the omental bursa located?

Posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

What is the function of the omental foramen AKA epiploic foramen AKA Foramen of Winslow?

Communication/opening between lesser and greater sacs

Anterior Boundary of Omental Foramen

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Posterior Boundary of Omental Foramen

IVC and right crus of diaphragm

Superior Boundary of Omental Foramen

Liver

Inferior Boundary of Omental Foramen

Superior duodenum

Functions of Digestive System

• Ingestion

• Secretion

• Propulsion and mixing

• Digestion (mechanical and chemical)

• Absorption

• Defecation

Where are digestive organs located?

Head & neck, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

What is another name for the alimentary tract?

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

What is the GI tract?

A muscular tube from mouth to anus

Where is the alimentary tract found?

Abdomen

How long is the GI tract?

Approximately 20–30 feet

What do true GI organs?

Make up the actual tube that food must pass through

What are accessory organs?

Do not touch food or are unnecessary for digestion but help digestion by chemical secretions or mechanical action

What are the three embryonic origins of the GI tract?

• Foregut

• Midgut

• Hindgut

Where do the foregut, midgut, and hindgut all drain into?

Hepatic Portal Vein

What supplied the foregut?

Celiac trunk

What structures does the foregut form?

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Part of duodenum

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Upper Pancreas

What supplies the midgut?

Branches of superior mesenteric artery

What does the midgut form?

Duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon, including lower pancreas

What supplies the hindgut?

Inferior mesenteric artery

What does the hindgut form?

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to superior rectum

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

• Left colic artery

• Several sigmoid arteries

• Superior rectal artery

What two primary branches form the hepatic portal vein?

• Superior mesenteric vein

• Splenic vein

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

Drains GI tract to liver

What veins drain into the superior mesenteric vein?

• Intestinals (jejunal/ileal)

• Ileocolic

• Right colic

• Middle colic

What veins drain into the splenic vein?

• Inferior mesenteric vein (left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal)

• Gastric veins

Where do hepatic veins drain from?

Sinusoids in liver to IVC

What veins form the esophageal anastomosis?

Left gastric ↔ esophageal veins of azygos system

Clinical condition associated with esophageal anastomosis?

Esophageal varices

What veins form the rectal anastomosis?

Superior rectal ↔ middle & inferior rectal veins

Clinical condition associated with rectal anastomosis?

Hemorrhoids (rectal varices)

What veins form the paraumbilical anastomosis?

Paraumbilical ↔ superficial epigastric veins

Clinical condition associated with paraumbilical anastomosis?

Caput medusae

What veins are involved in retroperitoneal anastomoses?

Colic veins ↔ renal, suprarenal, gonadal, paravertebral veins

Clinical condition associated with retroperitoneal anastomosis?

Ascites

What makes up intrahepatic anastomosis?

Left branch of portal vein