Skin Infections and Diseases

cafe au lait spots

brown color spot on surface of skin

Mongolian spots

blue color spot on surface of skin

erythemia

a skin condition characterized by redness due to the dilation of superficial capillaries, often a response to inflammation or irritation.

hemosiderin/bruise

bleeding underneath the skin; appears red, brown, or purple

plaque

raised, flat area of the skin

papule

small elevated bump on the skin; palpable

nodule

larger, rounded lump in the skin, often deeper than a papule.

hives (urticaria/wheals)

skin rash that is triggered by many things like certain foods, medications, and stress.

symptoms: itchy, raised, red, skin-colored welts (swollen marks) on the skin’s surface.

Type I hypersensitivity: mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells releasing and other mediators.

acute dermatitis

inflammation of the skin characterized by red, itchy rashes and possible blistering. It can be triggered by allergens or irritants.

poison ivy

used to treat topically

type IV hypersensitivity reaction resulting from exposure to a plant's oily resin. It can cause itchy rashes and blisters.

erythema multiforme

acute, hypersensitivity reaction with skin.

multiple skin lesions: macules, papules, vesicles and bullae (large, fluid filled blisters)

causes: infections and drugs, self-limiting hypersensitivity reaction—> allergic reaction that resolves on its own (Cd8 T cells that target lesions)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

most associated with drug exposure; rare but serious skin condition.

blistering and peeling of the skin and mucus membranes.

psoriasis

chronic autoimmune skin disease characterized by red, scaly patches. It results from accelerated skin cell growth and can be triggered by stress, infections, or medications.

lichen simplex chronicus

skin condition caused by chronic itching and scratching, leading to thickened, leathery skin.

lupus erythematosus

chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues. Skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.

erythema nodosum

skin condition that causes tender, red bumps (nodules) under the skin, most commonly on the shins.

impetigo

highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by sores or blisters that can appear anywhere on the body, but most commonly around nose and mouth.

sores can ooze, crust, and become honey colored

Wen

epidermal/dermal cyst lined by squamous epithelium

verrucae

contagious and usually painful wart on the sole of the foot

ichthyosis

fish scales form due to defective desquamation

vitiligo

depigmented macules/patches of skin due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes

albinism

total body lack of melanin pigment in melanocytes. Lack of pigment in the eye, which causes visual dysfunction.

Due to genetic defect of enzyme tyrosine that makes melanin.

melasma

mask of pregnancy . Brown patches of pigments on cheeks and is related to pregnancy or birth control of pills.

ephelis

freckle. Melanin pigment increases in basal cells due to sun exposure

lentigo maligna

Proliferation of melanocytes that invades the dermis of the facial skin. Melanoma, sun exposed face or neck.

nevocellular nevus

common skin lesion: mole