Cram Study Sheet (Module 1.4a)

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to change by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.

Biological psychology

The field that studies links between biological processes (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.

Localization of function

The concept that different brain regions have specific functions.

Biopsychosocial approach

An integrative framework that considers biological, psychological, and social influences on behavior.

Phrenology

A discredited theory that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and traits; important for introducing localization of function.

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

A method that measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp.

fMRI (Functional MRI)

A brain imaging technique that shows brain function by tracking blood flow and oxygen levels during tasks.

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)

A brain imaging technique that detects brain activity by measuring glucose metabolism.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

A brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of soft tissues.

Optogenetics

A technique that uses light to control neurons that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels.

Neuroscience bias

The tendency for people to find brain images more credible than textual descriptions of mental processes.

The Human Brain Project

A large-scale, international research initiative focused on understanding the human brain.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

A neuroimaging technique that maps neural fiber pathways, providing insights into brain connectivity.

Active neurons

Neurons that consume more glucose (as detected by PET) and use more oxygen-rich blood (as detected by fMRI) during tasks.

Complexity of the brain

The brain's intricate structure and function necessitate multiple study techniques to explore its various aspects.