SPH 107 – Public Speaking Fundamentals

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the SPH 107 final-exam study guide.

Public Speaking

When an individual speaks to a group (in-person or online) for a set length of time, taking responsibility for the message.

Five Arts of Public Speaking

Classical skills that make up effective speaking: Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, Delivery.

Invention (Five Arts)

The art of deciding what you want to say in a speech.

Arrangement (Five Arts)

How a speaker organizes ideas within a speech.

Style (Five Arts)

Use of imagery and language to bring a speech’s content to life.

Memory (Five Arts)

A speaker’s knowledge and ability to retain and recall content for an effective delivery.

Delivery (Five Arts)

Vocal, physical, and technological presentation of a speech.

Audience Centeredness

1. Acknowledging an audience’s expectations and situations before, during, and after a speech.

Feedback

Audience members’ responses to a speaker.

Aristotle’s Means of Persuasion

Three appeals—Logos (logic), Pathos (emotion), and Ethos (credibility).

Logos

Persuasive appeal based on reasoning and evidence.

Pathos

Persuasive appeal that targets emotions.

Ethos

Persuasive appeal based on the speaker’s credibility and character.

Speaker Credibility

Audience perception that a speaker is competent, friendly, trustworthy, and dynamic.

Internal Noise

Distractions originating within the listener (thoughts, emotions).

External Noise

Environmental distractions (e.g., coughing, heat, ticking clock).

Ethnocentrism

Belief that one’s own worldview is superior to others’.

Components of Listening

Six stages: Hearing, Understanding, Remembering, Interpreting, Evaluating, Responding.

Hearing (6COL)

The physical reception of sound waves.

Understanding (6COL)

Comprehending the meaning of what was heard.

Remembering (6COL)

Thinking about and recalling what was heard and understood.

Interpreting (6COL)

Assigning meaning to verbal and non-verbal messages.

Evaluating (6COL)

Critically examining a message, testing logic and evidence.

Responding (6COL)

Reacting to a speaker, e.g., smiling or making eye contact.

Audience Analysis

Gathering important information about your listeners before speaking.

Plagiarism

Presenting someone else’s ideas or work as your own.

Primary Source

Material expressing an author’s original ideas or findings.

Secondary Source

Material that interprets or adapts a primary source.

Supporting Materials

Resources (narratives, examples, etc.) used to clarify and reinforce a speech.

Narratives (SM)

Stories used as supporting material; provide emotional and cultural appeal.

Examples (SM)

Specific instances that personalize a topic; emotional appeal.

Definitions (SM)

Clarify meaning; can appeal emotionally or logically.

Testimony (SM)

Quotations or paraphrases; add emotional, cultural, and logical strength.

Facts (SM)

Objective statements describing reality; logical appeal.

Statistics (SM)

Numerical data indicating scope or magnitude; logical appeal.

Denotative Meaning

Dictionary, agreed-upon definition of a word.

Connotative Meaning

Personal, experience-based meaning of a word.

Transition

A phrase that helps speaker and audience move between parts of a speech.

Signpost

Brief statement indicating a key move in the speech’s structure.

Chronological Pattern (OP)

Organizes points in the order events occurred over time.

Spatial Pattern (OP)

Arranges information by physical or geographical location.

Topical Pattern (OP)

Divides speech into subtopics of equal importance.

Narrative Pattern (OP)

Presents material through dramatic storytelling.

Cause-and-Effect Pattern (OP)

Shows how one action leads to a particular outcome.

Problem-Solution Pattern (OP)

Describes a problem and offers possible remedies.

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence (OP)

Five-step persuasive pattern designed to increase audience involvement.

Introduction (Speech)

Opening section that gains attention and previews the speech.

Attention Getter

Device used to spark audience interest at the start.

Thesis Statement

Single sentence expressing the central idea or argument.

Reason to Listen

Explanation of why the audience should care.

Credentials

Speaker’s statement of expertise to enhance credibility.

Preview of Main Points

Concise statement of the speech’s major points.

Primacy

Audience remembers information presented first most easily.

Recency

Audience remembers information presented last most easily.

Conclusion (Speech)

Final section that reviews points, reinforces purpose, and provides closure.

Inclusive Language

Words that avoid privileging one group over another.

Impromptu Delivery

Speaking without advance preparation.

Extemporaneous Delivery

Well-researched and practiced speech delivered from key notes.

Manuscript Delivery

Reading a speech word-for-word from a written text.

Memorized Delivery

Delivering a speech committed entirely to memory.

Working Outline

Early outline aiding in topic development and guiding research.

Complete Sentence Outline

Detailed outline listing all ideas in full sentences and logical order.

Speaking Outline

Brief notes used while practicing and presenting the speech.

What is the most valued delivery method?

Extemporaneous

Informative Speech

Speech intended to convey knowledge or understanding.

Persuasive Speech

Speech intended to influence audience attitudes or actions.