Ccrown Male GU

T/F: Spermatogenesis begins at birth in the human male.

False, at puberty

How long are spermatocytes produced?

Throughout male's adult life

Males produce how many gametes per day that are stored for a short time only?

100 million

What is the anterior triangle of the perineum also called?

Urogenital Triangle

What muscles surround the external genitalia?

Ischiocavernosus, Bulbospongiosus and Superficial transverse perineal

What is the posterior triangle of the perineum also called?

Anal Triangle

What is the skin-covered sac between thighs that provides a cooler environment needed for sperm development and maturation?

Scrotum

What is homologous to the labia majora in females?

Scrotum

What is the ridge-like seam along the midline of the scrotum that extends in the anterior direction of the penis called?

Raphe

What travels from the abdomen to the testes providing blood vessel and nerve supply to each testis?

Spermatic cord

Where does the spermatic cord originate?

Inguinal canal

What is formed from aponeurosis of external oblique muscle?

External spermatic fascia

What is formed from extensions of internal oblique muscle?

Cremasteric fascia

What branches off from the abdominal aorta and resides within the spermatic cord?

Testicular artery

What helps to pre-cool arterial blood prior to reaching testes?

Pampiniform plexus

T/F: The ideal temperature for producing and storing sperm is LOWER than the internal body temperature

True

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

Regulate the temperature of the testes

What is the scrotum response to elevated temperature?

Dartos and cremaster muscles relax to allow testes to move inferiorly away from body to cool the testes

What is the response of the scrotum to decreased temperature?

Dartos and cremaster muscles contract to help conserve heat

The semineferous tubules have non-dividing support cells called what?

Sustentacular cells

Sustentacular cells are also known as what?

Sertoli cells

What will nourish developing sperm, release Inhibin with high sperm count and inhibit FSH secretion?

Sertoli cells (Sustentacular cells)

Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) are stimulated to produce androgens by LH. What is the MC androgen in males?

Testosterone

The majority of androgens are released from interstitial cells but small amounts can also be secreted by what?

Adrenal cortex

What stimulates sustentacular cells to secrete androgen-binding protein?

FSH

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Seminiferous tubules

T/F: Men over 45 are 4x more likely to pass on genetic mutation than men in their 20s

True

What receive sperm from the seminiferous tubules?

Rete Testis

What do the ciliated columnar epithelia of the efferent ductules do?

Propel sperm toward epididymis

What do the Non-ciliated columnar epithelia of the efferent ductules do?

Absorb excess fluid secreted by seminiferous tubules

Where do sperm enter after leaving the epididmyis?

Vas deferens

What is the passageway for urine AND semen?

Urethra

Which portion of the male urethra is most dilatable?

Prostatic urethra

Which portion of the male urethra is the shortest and least dilatable?

Membranous urethra

What is the longest part of the male urethra?

Spongy urethra

The spongy urethra is encased in cylinder of erectile tissue in the penis called what?

Corpus Spongiosum

Seminal fluid has what type of secretion in order to neutralize the vaginal acidity?

Alkaline

Seminal fluid gives nutrients to what?

Sperm traveling in the female reproductive tract

The seminal vesicles secrete alkaline fluid that contains what?

Fructose, prostaglandins and bicarbonate

What do the prostaglandins in alkaline fluid promote?

Widening of the external Os of the cervix

This is the compact, walnut-shaped encapsulated
organ immediately inferior to bladder

Prostate gland

The prostate gland will secrete milky fluid that is rich in what?

Citric acid, seminalplasmin and PSA

What does the seminalplasmin act as?

An antibiotic that combats UTIs

What is PSA?

An enzyme that will liquefy semen following ejaculation

The Bulbourethral glands will produce clear, viscous mucin forming mucus that does what?

Coats and lubricates the urethra during intercourse

What is formed from seminal fluid and sperm?

Semen

What is the prepuce of the penis also called?

Foreskin

3 cylindrical erectile bodies within the penile shaft are ensheathed by what?

Tunica albuginea

Why does the internal urethral sphincter contract during an orgasm?

To ensure no urine enters the urethra

What form most of the male duct system?

Mesonephric ducts

When does male development begin?

About week 7 with SRY gene

What hormone is secreted by sustentacular cells at week 7?

Anti-Müllerian

What does the hormone Anti-Müllerian do?

Inhibits development of paramesonephric ducts, which then allows for development of male reproductive structures

What assists in testis descent from abdomen to scrotum?

Gubernaculum

Early genital structures appear by what week?

6

Later genital structures are differentiated around what week?

20

T/F: Sperm require seminal fluid in order to survive in the acidic environment of the vagina.

True

Which cells produce testosterone?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Spermatids
C. Spermatogonia
D. Sustentacular cells

A. Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)

Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system pass(es) through the prostate gland?
A. Efferent ductules
B. Duct of seminal vesicle
C. Vas deferens
D. Ejaculatory ducts

D. Ejaculatory ducts

Which part of the penis has the external urethral orifice?
A. Crus
B. Bulb
C. Corpus cavernosum
D. Glans

D. Glans

Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
A. Epididymis
B. Testis
C. Penis
D. Prostate

D. Prostate

What is the name of the germ cell from which sperm arise?
A. Interstitial cells
B. Sustentacular cells
C. Spermatogonia
D. Spermatids

C. Spermatogonia

The non-germ cells of the seminiferous tubule epithelium are known as
A. spermatogonia.
B. spermatids.
C. sustentacular cells.
D. interstitial cells.

C. sustentacular cells.

Puberty in humans is the result of changes in the ___, which result in an increased secretion of ___, which then stimulates an increased secretion of __.
A. hypothalamus; GnRH; LH
B. anterior pituitary; GnRH; sex steroids
C. gonads; sex steroids; FSH and LH
D. posterior pituitary; sex steroids; GnRH

A. hypothalamus; GnRH; LH

T/F: The ampulla of the ductus deferens unites with the proximal region of the seminal vesicle to form the terminal portion of the reproductive duct system, called the ejaculatory duct.

True

T/F: Resolution phase of the male sexual response is followed by a refractory period, during which the man cannot attain another erection.

True. Can last minutes to hours

T/F: Male penile erection involves a sympathetic response, release of nitric oxide (NO) from penile vessels, with an orgasm and ejaculation involving a parasympathetic response.

False. Parasympathetic w/ erection, sympathetic w/ ejaculation

The _ secrete(s) a viscous, whitish-yellow fluid containing the sugar fructose to nourish the sperm.
A. seminal vesicles
B. prostate gland
C. bulbourethral gland
D. rete testis

A. seminal vesicles

Ejaculation is controlled by the ____ division of the autonomic nervous system.

Sympathetic

What is the serous membrane that covers the testes anteriorly and laterally called?

Tunica vaginalis

Sperm cells reach maturity in the
A. seminal vesicle.
B. testes.
C. epididymis.
D. vas deferens.

C. epididymis.