BOT 14 - 7 - Angiosperm Classification Systems

Artificial

Types of Classification Systems

classifies plants using one or few characters (Bauhin, Tournefort, John Ray, Carolus Linnaeus)

Natural

Types of Classification Systems

classifies plants using all information available at that time (de Candolle, Robert Brown, de Lamarck, Bentham and Hooker)

Phylogenetic

Types of Classification Systems

classify plants based on evolutionary relationships derived from morphology or DNA sequences (Eichler, Hutchinson, Bessey, Cronquist, APG)

Whos system of classification was the Artificial System?

• Classis 1. ____________: 1 stamen

• Classis 2. ____________: 2 stamens

• Classis 3. ____________: 3 stamens

• Classis 4. ____________: 4 stamens

• Classis 5. ____________: 5 stamens

• Classis 6. ____________: 6 stamens

• Classis 7. ____________: 7 stamens

• Classis 8. ____________: 8 stamens

• Classis 9. ____________: 9 stamens

• Classis 10. ____________: 10 stamens

• Classis 11. ____________: 11 to 19 stamens

• Classis 12. ____________: ≥ 20 stamens, perigynous

• Classis 13. ____________: many stamens, inserted on the receptacle

• Classis 14. ____________: 4 stamens, 2 long and 2 short

• Classis 15. ____________: 6 stamens, 4 long and 2 short

• Classis 16. ____________; anthers separate, but the filaments united, at least at the base

• Classis 17. ____________; with the stamens united in two separate groups

• Classis 18. ____________; stamens united in several separate groups

• Classis 19. ____________; stamens united by their anthers

• Classis 20. ____________; stamens united to the pistils

• Classis 21. ____________: monoecious plants

• Classis 22. ____________: dioecious plants

• Classis 23. ____________: polygamodioecious plants

• Classis 24. ____________: flowerless plants

Whos system of classification was the Natural System?

Whos system of classification was the Phylogenetic System?

Morphological

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

___________ features: structure and appearance of plants

Anatomical

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

_____________ features: internal structure of plants

Embryological

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

_____________ features: development of plant embryos

Cytological

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

______________ features: chromosomes and their number, structure, and behavior

Palynological

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

_____________ features: pollen grains, including their shape, size, and surface ornamentation

Phytochemical

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

_____________ features: chemical composition of plant proteins and other substances.

Ultrastructural

Phylogenetic System
Cronquist’s Classification (1968)

_______________ features: fine structure of plant cells as revealed by electron microscopy

Magnoliopsida

Class ______________: This class consists of 6 subclasses with 64 orders and 321 families.

• Magnoliidae (8 orders and 39 families)

• Hamamelididae (11 orders and 25 families)

• Caryophyllidae (3 orders and 14 families)

• Dilleniidae (13 orders and 78 families)

• Rosidae (18 orders and 118 families)

• Asteridae (11 orders and 50 families)

What are the six subclasses of Class Magnoliopsida?

• ______________ (8 orders and 39 families)

• ______________ (11 orders and 25 families)

• ______________ (3 orders and 14 families)

• ______________ (13 orders and 78 families)

• ______________ (18 orders and 118 families)

• ______________ (11 orders and 50 families)

Liliopsida

Class ______________: This class consists of 5 subclasses with 19 orders and 65 families.

• Alismatidae (4 orders and 16 families)

• Arecidae (4 orders and 6 families)

• Commelinidae (7 orders and 16 families)

• Zingiberidae (2 orders and 9 families)

• Liliidae (2 orders and 19 families)

What are the five subclasses of Class Liliopsida?

• ______________ (4 orders and 16 families)

• ______________ (4 orders and 6 families)

• ______________ (7 orders and 16 families)

• ______________ (2 orders and 9 families)

• ______________ (2 orders and 19 families)

Molecular data

Phylogenetic System
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

______________: uses DNA sequence data from various parts of the plant to infer relationships.

Phylogenetic analysis

Phylogenetic System
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

______________: data analysis using phylogenetic methods to construct evolutionary trees

Monophyletic groups

Phylogenetic System
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

______________: aims to classify angiosperms into _________________, which are groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor

Higher-level relationships

Phylogenetic System
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

______________: focuses on the classification of angiosperms at the family, order, and higher-level clade levels