Key Concepts of Sin and Morality in Christianity

Anger (Wrath)

An intense emotional response to perceived wrongs, which can lead to resentment and a desire for revenge. One of the Seven Deadly Sins.

Capital Sins

Also called the Seven Deadly Sins, these are vices that give rise to further immoral behavior: pride, envy, wrath, sloth, greed, gluttony, and lust.

Circumstances

The specific details or context surrounding a moral decision that can affect its moral weight or responsibility.

Common Good

The sum of social conditions that allow all individuals and groups to reach their fulfillment more fully and easily.

Elect

In Christian initiation, those who are chosen to receive the sacraments of initiation (Baptism, Eucharist, and Confirmation) at the Easter Vigil.

Envy

Resentment or sadness at another's good fortune, often leading to a desire to deprive them of it.

Gluttony

Overindulgence in food, drink, or other forms of pleasure to the point of waste or harm.

Greed (Covetousness)

An excessive desire for material wealth or possessions, often at the expense of others.

Intention

The purpose or motivation behind an action, which affects its moral quality.

Lust

Intense or uncontrolled desire, often referring to impure sexual thoughts or actions.

Mortal Sin

A grave violation of God's law that results in the loss of sanctifying grace if committed with full knowledge and deliberate consent.

Object

The action itself in a moral decision, which determines whether an act is good or evil.

Pride

An excessive belief in one's own abilities, often leading to a disregard for others and God. Considered the root of all sin.

Scrutinies

Rites in the RCIA (Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults) process that help prepare catechumens for full initiation into the Church by examining their hearts and seeking purification.

Sin

Any deliberate offense against God's law, whether in thought, word, or deed.

Sin of Omission

Failing to do something good that one is morally obligated to do.

Sin of Commission

A sinful action that a person actively chooses to do.

Sloth

A refusal to exert effort in one's responsibilities, whether spiritual, moral, or personal.

Social Justice

The application of justice in society, ensuring fair treatment of all people and the protection of human dignity.

Venial Sin

A lesser sin that damages but does not completely sever a person's relationship with God.

Vice

A habitual and repeated tendency toward sin and moral weakness.

Virtue

A habitual and firm disposition to do good, guiding moral decisions and actions.