Immunology Lectures 9- end

Extracellular bacteria are captured by what cells?

Dendritic cells

DC cells with extracellular protein antigen activate what cells?

CD4+ T helper cells

CD4 Helper cells produce what? Functions?

• IL-17: recruit neutrophils

• IFNy: Activate macrophages

CD4 Cells differentiate into what? via?

Differentiate to Th1 via IL-12

Cells are lysed by what?

Cytotoxic CD8 cells

What cells are responsible for Intracellular Fungi killing

Neutrophils and Macrophages

Protective Responses against fungi

Th1 and Th17

Dentures and dry mouth can increase the risk of what fungal disease?

Oral Candidiasis or Thrush

Immune response for Viruses innate or adaptive?

Both

Innate response to Viruses

• IFNalpha: induces antiviral state

• NK cell killing

Protozoa are resistant to what type of killing?

Phagocytic

For protozoa you need macrophages activated by what?

Th1 cell derived cytokines

Helminths have what that helps them resist cytocidal mechanisms of neutrophils and macrophages?

Thick teguments

Activation of what results in the killing of helminths and not infected cells? what do they produce?

Th2 cells that produce IL-4 (IgE) and IL-5 (Eosinophils)

What is antigenic variation

Change surface proteins, common evasion mechanism for bacteria, virus, parasites

Point mutation Vs. Antigenic shift?

• Point Mutation: small change

• Antigenic Shift: Large Change

Reassortment of Viral RNA genomes responzible for influenza pandemics

Antigenic Shift

Effective vaccines produce what?

high affinity neutralizing antibodies, and memory cells

Caries vaccine enhances the levels of what? Reduces what?

Antigen specific S-IgA, Reduces Strep Mutans

Delayed type hypersensitivity primarily mediated by what?

Th1 and CD4 cells

What CD type causes tissue injury killing self cells?

CD8 cytotoxic cells

T cell mediated immune diseases are caused by what type hypersensitivity?

Type IV hypersensitivity

Antibody mediated autoimmune disease are caused by what type hypersensitivity?

Type II and III hyper

What type hypersensitivity can cause Serum Sickness (snake venom, Horse Ig)

Type III

Females or males at greater risk of autoimmune diseases?

Females

Autoimmune diseases are genetically linked to what?

MHC (HLA) genotypes

T/F environmental factors can play a role in diseases and autoimmune susceptibility?

True

Autoimmune diseases are triggered by what mechanism?

Inflammatory responses to infectious agents (ex. Strep. pyog. / Group A)

Hypersensitivity Type that is cross-linking of IgE antibodies bound to mast cells by antigen releasing histamine.

Type 1: Immediate

Penicillin allergy is an example of what type hypersensitivity?

Type 1

Antibodies on mast cells detect crosslink receptors to do what?

Activate mast cells and release histamine

What type hypersensitivity caused by IgG and IgM reacting with antigens on cells or basement membranes

Type 2

Hypersensitivity type where IgG and IgM bind to SOLUBLE antigens and activate the complement, avoiding clearance.

Type 3

Hypersensitivity type that is mediated by antigen specific T cells (CD4 and CD8)

Type 4

Delayed type hypersensitivity such as proteins, insect venom and tubercilin are reactions mediated by what?

Cytokine mediated inflammation