OSCE Fall 25'

Scalpel grips - fingertip

Index finger is ontop of the blade, the scalpel is held betweent eh fingertips of the middle and ring fingers, motion is smooth and steady with equal application of force to make a uniform incision

Scalpel fingertip grip is useful for

long straight incisions, maximizes contact between the blade and skin

Scapel grips - Pencil grip

index finger rest on blade, scalpel is held like a pencil

Scalpel pencil grip is usful for

short precise incisions, steady and even applicaiton of pressure with a smooth motion

Scalpel Palm grip

fingers wrap around teh scapel, index finger rest on top of the blade

Scalpel palm grip is useful for

tough tissue where little precision is required, most power and least control

Scapel - stab incision

hold scapel like a blade and middle fingers act as a bumper to set the depth of the bladw

Scalpel stab incision is used to

make incisions into hollow organs

Needle holder - tripod grip

Thumb is placed in the top ring adn the ring finger is in the bottom ring, index finger extends down the instrumetn for support, thumb and ring finger should not extend past the first knuckle

Needle holder - tripod grip is used for

max control and accuracy, precise placemnt of suture

Needle holder - palming/thenar

Opened by inward pressure on the lower shank of the instrumetn adn closed by the downward pressure on the upper shank

Needle holder - palming/thenar is used for

more force, pricsion is not critical

Needle holders - modified thenar

place ring finger in bottom loop

Kitty Burrito

place towel across the table and invite cat onto the towel, place cat in gentle hold on towel (forearms along their side, tail tucked into your torso, slightly bent over cat), wrap long side of towel around neck and shoulders for half wrap, complete towel wrap for full burrito

Cat scarf

fold twoel longways ~4 times, greet, place cat in gentle hold, place towel around shoulders from the front, hold towel ends behind cat’s head for scarf hold

Cat gentle hold

forearms along their sides, tail tucked into your torso, slightly bent over cat

Alternative cat scarf hold

don’t fold the towel

Placing a basket muzzle on a canine patient with treats

Greet patient and offer treats, place treat inside of muzzle and allow dog to insert its face inside and eat the treat (repeat), continue while adding in pulling the strap over the head (repeat), pull the strap all the way over the dog’s head and contiune to give treats while muzzle is in place

Placing a basket muzzle without treats

With a collar restaint or with a leash, face P away from you adn grasp the muzzle with one strap in each hand, leading from the from of the dog, scipp the muzzle onto P’s face, quickly buckling the strap behind the dog’s head

Collar hold if small dog

hold gently on exam table with one arm around torsoC

Collar hold if amenable

hold pateint in air, supporting their sternum with one arm adn head/neck with the other

Wall hold

use a slip lead and walk the dog in a wide circle toward the wall offering treats, when at the wall, take a left with the pateint walking almost fully agaisnt the wall, stop, offer treats and lean in place the bottom of your leg against P’s shoulder, holding the snuggly aginast the wall

How long to apply pressure to site after drawing blood

20-30 seconds

Coccygeal venipuncture

Stand behind the cow and slightly to one side of the tail, hold tail ~1/3 from the base and with your non-dominat hand raise the tail vertically until it is horizontal to the ground, locate the groove lying the ventral midline of the tail, insert the needle perpendicualrly to the skin slowly to the depth of a few mm midnway along the body of a vertebra, back the needle out very slwoly ~1mm

Cephalic venipuncture

insert the needle into the vein at a 25 degree angle and to a depth of a few mm

Equine jugular venipuncture

with non-dominant hand distend the jugular vein by compressing the proximal third of the neck, with dominant hand match the angle of the vein with you syringe and insert the needle completely into the vein

Canine/feline jugular venipuncture

occulde jugular vein with non-dominat hand, with dominant hand insert the needle into the vein at 45 degree angle and to a depth of a few mm

lateral/medial saphenous venipuncture

hold pelvic limb with your nondominat hand, with dominant hand insert the needle into the vein at a 25 degree angle adn to a depth of a few mm

Facial sinus venipuncture

With your dominat hand, insert the needle at an upward of 60 degree through the skin and muscle toward the base of the facial crest, the needle tip will make contact with the bone indicating it was penetrated through the transverse facial venous sinus, back the needle out very slwoly ~1-3MM to ensure placemtn of needle within the sinus

SA Orthopedic exam includes

Thoacic and pelvic limb landmarks and palpating for muscle symmertry

SA thoracic limb landmarks

scapular spine, acromion, greater tubercle of the humerus, medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus, radial head, olecrannon, radiocarpal joint

SA pelvic limb landmarks

wing of the ilium, ischiatic tuberosity, greater trochanter of teh femur, patella, patellar tendon, lateral fabella, tibial tuberosity, fibular head, calcaneal tendon, calcaneus

palpating for muscle symmertry

make sure the dog is standing square and palpate bilaterally, check supraspinatus adn infraspinatus and quadricpes and hamstrings

CREPI

crepitus, range of motion, effusion, pain, instability

Biceps test

flex shoulder, extend elbow, apply pressure to biceps tendon OR

Normal - no pain of spasms

Abnormal - pain or discomfort

canine temp

100-102.5

Canine pulse - small

90-120

canine pulse - medium

70-110c

canine pulse - Large

60-90

Canine - RR

18-24

Feline temp

100-102.5

Feline BPM

150-200

Feline RR

20-30

Equine Temp

99-101.5

Equine HR

28-42 bpm

Equine RR

8-16

Bovine Temp - Adult

100.5-102.5

Bovien temp - calf

101-103

Bovine HR - Adult

40-80

Bovien HR - calf

80-120

Bovien RR - Adult

10-20

Bovine RR - calf

20-40

Rumen contraction rate

1-2 contractions per min

Body of the blood smear

Thick area, nearest origin of blood dot

Monolayer of blood smear

middle layer, where to count/look at cells

Feathered edge

the edge of the smear wtih barely anything there

Canine dental formulas

2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3)

Feline dental formula

2(I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)

Equine Dental formula

2(I3/3, C 1/1, P 3/4, M 3/3)

Bovine dental formula

2(I 0/0, C 0/0, P 3/3, M 3/3)

Equine aging shaper of upper corner incisors

wider than long - 5-9 years

Square - 10-15 years

Longer than wide - 15+ years

Occlusal surface of mandibular incisors - aging equine

Oval dark spot - 5 years
Trianlge spot on top and thin strip on bottom - 10 years

Small circle on top, thicker oval/strip on bottom - 15 years

1 circle with another circle inside - 20 years

RER equation

70 x weight ^ 0.75

Fecal scoring chart

1- most hard and dry
7- Watery puddle