Lecture 2 : methods master clases

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Last updated 11:53 AM on 4/7/26
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5 Terms

1
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Wat is Time series ?

Time series data are observations collected from the same unit repeatedly over time (e.g., daily, monthly, yearly).

  • analyze patterns and dynamics over time

  • forecast future values.

2
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Wat betekent de notatie {Y1, Y2,…,YT} in time series?

Dit betekent dat we een variabele Y observeren over meerdere tijdsperiodes.

  • (Y_t) = de waarde van variabele Y op tijdstip t

  • (t = 1,2,\dots,T) = de tijd loopt van periode 1 tot en met periode T

  • T = totaal aantal observaties in de tijdreeks

Kort gezegd: dit beschrijft één volledige tijdreeks van lengte T.

3
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What makes time series data different from cross-sectional data?

1⃣ Observations are ordered in time
We observe one sample path:
{Y1, Y2,…,YT}

2⃣ Observations are dependent over time
Past values influence future values:
Corr {Y1, Y-1} ≠ 0

👉 This means the classical OLS independence assumption is violated:

𝐸 𝜀𝑡𝜀𝑠 = 0 for 𝑡 ≠ s

4
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Why is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) not sufficient for time series data?

5
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Dit model moet je leren

ACF

PACF

Model

decay

cutoff

AR

cutoff

decay

MA

decay

decay

ARMA

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