Madden Vu chapter 4: integumentary

what are the 5 functions of the skin?

Protection against micro-organisms, against water loss, against UV, temperature regulation, and synthesis of vitamin D.

What are the 2 ways the skin regulates temperatures?

Evaporation of sweat and blood flow through the cutaneous(blood vessels).

What are the four types of tissue in the body?

The four types of tissues in the body are:

Epitethialial (composed of epithelial cells)

Connective (composed of connective tissue cell)

Muscle (composed of muscle cells)

nerve (composed of nerve cells)

What are the three general characteristics of epithelial tissue?

The three general characteristics of epitheial tissue are:

The epithelial cells adhere closely to one another.

Epitheilal tissues contain no blood vessels(non-vascular)

Often found covering a body surface or lining body cavities.

What does avascular mean?

Avascular mean without blood vessels.

What are three ways epithelial tissue are classified?

Three ways epithelial tissues are classified are:

The arrangement (layering) of the cells

Based on shape

Based on cellular modifications (usually present only in columnar epithelial cells)

What are simple cell?

Simple cells are a single layer of cells.

What are stratified cells?

Stratified cells are multiple layers of cells.

How do squamous cell look?

Squamous cells are flat.

How do cuboidal cells look?

Cuboidal cells look boxy,

How do columnar cells look?

Columnar cells look like columns.

What are three types of cellular modifications?

Three types of cellular modifications are:

Cilia

Microvilli (“brush boarder”)

Mucus-secreting (goblet”) columnar cells.

What type of cells do you find cellular modifications on?

Usually columnar epithelial cells will have cellular modifications.

What are cilia?

Cilia are find motile hairs.

What are microvilli?

Microvilli are finger-like extensions of the cell, and it increases the surface area of the cell.

What are goblet cells?

Goblet cells are mucus-secreting columnar cells.

Where do you find simple squamous epithelial cells?

You can find squamous epithelial cells in the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs.

Where do you find simple cuboidal cells?

You can find simple cuboidal cells in the urinary tubeless of the kidney; liver, pancreas, thyroid and other glands of the body.

what does Aden/o mean?

Aden/o means gland.

Where do you find simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells?

You can find simple columnar ciliated epithelial cells in the fallopian tubes.

What do cilia on the fallopian tube do?

The cilia on the fallopian tubes carries eggs to the ovary.

Where do you find simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells?

You can find simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the lining of the stomach.

What do goblet cells in the stomach do?

Goblet cells in the stomach neutralizes stomach acids.

Where do you find simple columnar brush-border epithelium with goblet cells?

You can find simple columnar brush-border epithelium with goblet cells in the lining of the intestine.

Where do you find pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells?

You can find pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells in the respiratory tract.

What does pseudo mean?

pseudo means false.

What does pseudostratified mean?

Pseudostratified means that it is false stratified.

What does cilia on the respiratory tract do?

Ciliar on the respiratory tract catches dust.

Where do you find transitional epithelium?

You can find transitional epithelium cells in the lining of the urinary bladder.

Why is it called transitional epithelium?

It is called transitional epithelium cells because the stratified tissue will become scratched as the urinary bladder become filled.

What does lumen mean?

Lumen means a hole in the blood vessel.

What are two subtype of stratified squamous epithelium?

Two subtype of stratified squamous epithelium are:

1. Non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium

2. Keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium.

What is keratin?

Keratin is a hardening protein.You can find keratin in you hair, nails, and skin.

Where do you find keratin?

You can find keratin in you hair, nails, and skin.

What are non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium?

Non-Keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium have no dead layers of cells,

Where do you find non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium?

You can find non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium cells in the oral cavity, anal canal, and vaginal canal.

What is keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium?

Keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium cells have dead layers of cells that are present.

Where do you find keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

You can find keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium cells in the epidermis of the skin.

What do all cells need to be surrounded by?

All cells need to be surrounded by fluid.

What is the function of connective tissue?

The function of connective tissue is to connect and support other different types of tissue

How are connective tissue classified?

they are classified based on type of cells and type of intercellular matter.

What is areolar loose connective tissue

Contain fibroblasts, microphages ,and mast cells.

What are fibroblasts?

type of areolar tissue that secretes collagen and elastin(mainly collagen)

What are macrophages?

Type of areolar tissue that engulfs foreign agents.

What are mast cells?

Type of areolar tissue that secretes histamine and causes inflammation.

What is inflammation?

The swelling,highly painful and reddening of a part of the body.

What does erythema mean?

It means local dilation of blood vessels.

What is edema?

More permeability/ swelling of blood vessels.

What two proteins are secreted by fibroblasts?

Collagen and elastin (mainly collagen).

What is collagen?

It is a protein gel that strengthens tissue.

What is elastin?

Protein fiber that gives elasticity to a cell.

What is adipose tissue?

closely packed fat cells with fat filled vacuoles filling them.

What is the function of adipose tissue?

It is tissue that reserves food,insulates against heat loss, and supports and protects the organ it encloses.

Where are three common locations of adipose cells?

subcutaneous(under the skin), around kidney and eye balls, and buttocks and Brest region.

What are two subtypes of dense fibrous connective tissue?

Regularly arranged and irregularly arranged.

What are five places the fibrous connective tissue is common?

tendons,ligaments,dura mater,fascia, perichondrium and periosteum.

What does peri mean?

It means around.

How do regularly arranged dense fibrous connective tissue look?

Arranged protein fibers in parallel bundles.

How do irregularly arranged dense fibrous tissue look like?

Protein fibers are interwoven and they run in all directions.

What is special about cartilage tissue, unlike other connective tissue?

It has no blood vessels.

What are three subtypes of cartilage?

Hyaline, fibro,and elastic cartilage.

What are four locations hyaline cartilage is found?

Embryonic long bones of the body, front of the nose, trachea,larynx,and where 2 bones meet.

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Found in interverteberal disks.

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Found in the external ear(pinna).

What are osteocytes?

They are bone cells.

What does a compact bone look like?

Arranged in concentrated circles called haversion systems.

What does spongy bone look like?

Arranged in a spongy network.

What are the three types of burns

1st,2nd,and 3rd degree

What level does first degree effect?

epidermis.

What level of skin does second degree effect?

effects the dermis

What level of skin does third degree effect

hypo dermis

what are rules of nine used for

measuring burns