soc. psych. ch13 prejudice

prejudice

a hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based on solely their group membership. An attitude or emotion

stereotypes

a cognitive component, that beliefs about traits of members of a group are applied broadly to all members regardless of individual differences

discrimination

behavioral component— unjustified negative or harmful behavior toward members of a group

clark and clark study

study where black kids preferred white dolls, showed that segregation damages self-esteem in early life

goldberg

studied and found that women evaluated identical academic articles more favorable when male names were attached,

jane elliot

learned prejudice study- children quickly adopted blue eyes are superior to brown. proved that social nroms and authority can rapidly spread prejudice

ultimate attribution error

the tendency to explain negative behaviors of out-group members as dispositional while excusing in-group behavior as situational

bodenhausen and wyer

studied and found that participants judged crimes more harshly when they fit ethnic stereotypes and ignored contradictory facts

steele and aronson

ran the study where black students believed a test measured intelligence and it so they performed worse. showed stereotype threat

stereotype threat

fear of confirming negative stereotypes creates anxiety that directly impairs performance

bond et al

found that stereotypes can drive discrimination even for trained professionals, black people restrained more than whites in psychiatry

hebl et al

studied that modern prejudice appears more subtly rather than overtly. gay people faced more indirect interpersonal discrimination(like avoidance and coldness)

the contact hypothesis

contact reduces prejudice under: interdependence, common goals, equal status, personal interaction, multiple out-group members, and supportive social norms

allport

studied that contact hypothesis reduces prejudice

sherif et all

robbers cave studiers: intergroup hostility decreased only after boys worked together on joint goals. showed that cooperation reduces prejudice, not just contact.