CHM151 Nomenclature

Prefix meaning

substituents

Parent (middle) meaning

longest carbon chain with “ane/ene/yne” (again use carbox prefixes)

cyclo things take priority over longest chains

suffix meaning

highest priority functional group

what kind of substituents there are

carbon based ones (“-yl”) with carbon prefixes

carboxylic acid

aldehyde

ketone

alcohol

amine

alkene

alkyne

halide

what order to write substituents in

ALPHABETICAL

you pick the number based on starting with the lowest number and continuing to number in that direction

also find the lowest number for the highest priority functional group

carbon prefixes

1: meth

2: eth

3: prop

4: but

5: pent

6: hex

7: hept

8: oct

9: non

10: dec

will have the “yl” ending if theyre substituents and “ane/ene/yne” if its a parent chain

Number of identical substituents prefixes

2: di

3: tri

4: tetra

5: penta

6: hexa

7: hepta

iso prefix meaning

one of the methyls of the carbon substituent is placed on the 2nd to last carbon (makes a mermaid tail)

sec prefix meaning

attached the second carbon of the substituents (ex. in secbutyl the group attaches to the R by its second C)

tert prefix meaning

indicates the functional group R is attached at a tertiary carbon (3º, carbon with 3 other carbons coming out of it)

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

carboxylic acid

prefix: NONE (highest priority subst group ever)

suffix: -oic acid

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

aldehyde

prefix: oxo-

suffix: -al

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

ketone

prefix: oxo-

suffix: -one

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

alcohol

prefix: hydroxy-

suffix: -ol

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

amine

prefix: amino-

suffix: -amine

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

alkene

suffix: -ene

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

alkyne

suffix: -yne

what group is this? whats the prefix and suffix name?

halide

prefix: chloro, fluoro, bromo

ranking of highest priority functional groups

(CAK-Al Am AA H)

Carboxylic acid

Aldehyde

Ketone

Alcohol

Amine

Alkene

Alkyne

Halide